Effect of the Ca and Mg Presence on the Adsorption Process of Pb²⁺ by Biomaterials in Natural Waters.

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI:10.1007/s00128-026-04245-8

María de Jesús González-Guadarrama, María Aurora Armienta-Hernández

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The presence of lead in freshwater can be a global problem. Lead is a metal with two oxidation states 2+ and 4+, the first value is the former most common under environmental conditions. This element has a strong affinity with elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and carbon, which are present in biomaterials. However, in natural water samples it is possible to find other elements with the same oxidation state that, such as Mg and Ca, which can compete for adsorption sites. Furthermore, the biomaterial can introduce these elements into the samples. This study aims to investigate the impact of water hardness on the adsorption of lead by biomaterials derived from waste fruits, such as orange peel, avocado seeds, and tamarind seeds, in natural freshwater samples. To evaluate the influence of water chemistry on removal efficiency, samples with distinct major ion compositions (particularly water hardness) were collected from different water bodies to conduct lead adsorption experiments. The results show that the presence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions affects the lead adsorption process by biomaterials. Therefore, waste disposal is environmentally friendly. Orange peel is the best option for removing lead and reducing water hardness when samples values are high.

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天然水体中Ca和Mg对生物材料吸附Pb2+过程的影响

淡水中铅的存在可能是一个全球性问题。铅是一种具有2+和4+两种氧化态的金属，在环境条件下，第一个值是前者最常见的。这种元素与存在于生物材料中的氧、氮、硫和碳等元素有很强的亲和力。然而，在天然水样中，有可能发现具有相同氧化态的其他元素，如Mg和Ca，它们可以竞争吸附位点。此外，生物材料可以将这些元素引入样品中。本研究旨在研究水硬度对天然淡水样品中废弃水果（如橘子皮、鳄梨籽和罗望子籽）提取的生物材料吸附铅的影响。为了评估水化学对去除效率的影响，从不同的水体中收集了不同主要离子组成（特别是水硬度）的样品进行铅吸附实验。结果表明，Ca2+和Mg2+离子的存在影响了生物材料对铅的吸附过程。因此，废物处理是环保的。当样品值高时，橘皮是去除铅和降低水硬度的最佳选择。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

3.70%

发文量

230

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology(BECT) is a peer-reviewed journal that offers rapid review and publication. Accepted submissions will be presented as clear, concise reports of current research for a readership concerned with environmental contamination and toxicology. Scientific quality and clarity are paramount.