Enhancing flame-retardant properties of epoxy resin using micro-encapsulated boric acid and zinc borate in a urea–melamine–formaldehyde shell.

IF 3.4 4区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI:10.1007/s11998-025-01196-3

Akash R. Parvate, Akshay R. Wasnik, Himanshu A. Patil, Gufran Ansari, Aarti P. More

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Abstract

This work studies the development of multifunctional epoxy coatings that are enhanced with zinc borate and micro-encapsulated boric acid to simultaneously improve their anticorrosive and flame-retardant properties. Microcapsules were developed by encapsulating different concentrations of boric acid and zinc borate in a urea–melamine–formaldehyde (UMF) shell and then incorporating them into an epoxy matrix. The encapsulation allowed for a controlled release mechanism that activated in response to mechanical damage or environmental stimuli. Among the five formulations evaluated, Batch 4 (1.5 g boric acid and 0.5 g zinc borate) performed the best overall. Flame retardancy testing revealed higher UL-94 ratings and limiting oxygen index (LOI) values, with Batch 4 earning a V-0 rating and LOI of 28.5%, compared to V-2 and 23.0% for the plain epoxy. In corrosion testing, Batch 4 showed the best protection, delaying rust formation for more than 500 h in a 3.5-wt% NaCl environment. The UMF microcapsules enabled controlled release of active compounds in response to thermal or mechanical stimuli, ensuring long-term protection. These findings focus on the combined functional benefits of boric acid and zinc borate microcapsules in epoxy coatings, making them strong candidates for advanced protective applications.

Graphical abstract

The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

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用微囊化硼酸和硼酸锌在尿素-三聚氰胺-甲醛壳中增强环氧树脂的阻燃性能。

本文研究了硼酸锌和微囊化硼酸增强环氧涂料的研制，以同时提高其防腐和阻燃性能。微胶囊是通过将不同浓度的硼酸和硼酸锌包埋在尿素-三聚氰胺-甲醛（UMF）外壳中，然后将其掺入环氧树脂基体中制成的。封装允许一个受控的释放机制，激活响应机械损伤或环境刺激。在评价的5个配方中，第4批（1.5 g硼酸和0.5 g硼酸锌）整体表现最佳。阻燃测试显示出更高的UL-94等级和极限氧指数（LOI）值，第4批次的V-0等级和LOI为28.5%，而普通环氧树脂的V-2和LOI为23.0%。在腐蚀测试中，批次4表现出最好的保护效果，在3.5 wt% NaCl环境中延迟了500 h以上的锈蚀形成。UMF微胶囊能够在热或机械刺激下控制活性化合物的释放，确保长期保护。这些发现集中在硼酸和硼酸锌微胶囊在环氧涂料中的综合功能优势上，使其成为高级防护应用的有力候选者。图形抽象此图像的替代文本可能是使用AI生成的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

8.70%

发文量

130

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Coatings Technology and Research (JCTR) is a forum for the exchange of research, experience, knowledge and ideas among those with a professional interest in the science, technology and manufacture of functional, protective and decorative coatings including paints, inks and related coatings and their raw materials, and similar topics.