Nanophase structuring in simple ternary solvents mediates reaction kinetics

IF 19.6 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Chem Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI:10.1016/j.chempr.2026.103039

Yifei Wang, Binish Ashfaq, Jung-Bin Ahn, Peiran Wei, Lauren D. Zarzar

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Abstract

Solvents are crucial to chemical reactivity. Ternary mixtures of water, a water-miscible polar organic solvent, and a water-immiscible oil can self-organize into nanoscale domains (nanophases), yet their impact on reaction kinetics is not well understood. Here, we investigate how nanophase structuring affects strain-promoted azide-alkyne click (SPAAC) reaction kinetics. Ternary solvents were designed to promote or suppress nanophase structuring, characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). High-throughput ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) kinetics revealed that hydrophobic reactants exhibited faster rates in ternary solvents compared with pure solvents and water-containing binary mixtures. Rate enhancements were confined to a narrow region of the phase diagram containing oil-in-water nanophases and disappeared when hydrophilic reactants were used or when nanophase stability was reduced. These findings demonstrate that simple ternary solvents modulate reaction kinetics in a manner distinct from bulk solvent polarity or conventional hydrophobic effects and highlight the potential of nanophases to control reactivity.

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简单三元溶剂中的纳米相结构介导反应动力学

溶剂对化学反应至关重要。水、与水混溶的极性有机溶剂和与水不混溶的油的三元混合物可以自组织成纳米级结构域（纳米相），但它们对反应动力学的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了纳米相结构如何影响菌株促进叠氮-炔点击（SPAAC）反应动力学。通过动态光散射（DLS）和小角x射线散射（SAXS）表征三元溶剂对纳米相结构的促进或抑制作用。高通量紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）动力学表明，与纯溶剂和含水二元混合物相比，三元溶剂中的疏水反应速率更快。速率增强仅限于含有水包油纳米相的相图的狭窄区域，当使用亲水性反应物或纳米相稳定性降低时，速率增强消失。这些发现表明，简单的三元溶剂以一种不同于散装溶剂极性或传统疏水效应的方式调节反应动力学，并突出了纳米相控制反应活性的潜力。

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来源期刊

Chem Environmental Science-Environmental Chemistry

CiteScore

32.40

自引率

1.30%

发文量

281

期刊介绍： Chem, affiliated with Cell as its sister journal, serves as a platform for groundbreaking research and illustrates how fundamental inquiries in chemistry and its related fields can contribute to addressing future global challenges. It was established in 2016, and is currently edited by Robert Eagling.