Advancing Fallhammer Impact Testing: Application to Peptide Coupling Reagents

IF 3.3 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2026-08-21 Epub Date: 2026-04-18 DOI:10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00067

Shasha Zhang, Sergey Melnikov, Linda Zheng, Tadeusz W. Langner, Simon Shun Wang Leung

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the Fallhammer impact testing methodology, incorporating advanced diagnostics to refine criteria for detecting explosive events. Using both traditional metal cells and custom clear cells, the approach integrates high-speed videography, acoustic monitoring, and post-test imaging to systematically characterize mechanical sensitivity and explosion behavior. The findings challenge conventional UN DOT guidance by demonstrating that smoke evolution and char formation are more reliable indicators of explosive reactions than audio reports or visible inflammation. Seven peptide coupling reagents─PyAOP, TDBTU, TCTU, TPTU, HATU, HDMA, and BOP─exhibited impact sensitivity at 39 J, underscoring their potential explosion risk. These results advocate for updated standard operating procedures that emphasize robust diagnostic criteria and highlight the need for heightened caution when handling energetic materials to ensure safer chemical manufacturing and effective risk management.

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推进落锤冲击试验：在肽偶联试剂中的应用

本研究提供了一个全面评估的坠落锤冲击测试方法，结合先进的诊断，以完善检测爆炸事件的标准。该方法使用传统的金属电池和定制的透明电池，集成了高速摄像、声学监测和测试后成像，系统地表征机械灵敏度和爆炸行为。这些发现挑战了联合国交通部的传统指导方针，证明烟雾演变和焦炭形成是比音频报告或可见炎症更可靠的爆炸反应指标。7种肽偶联剂PyAOP、TDBTU、TCTU、TPTU、HATU、HDMA和BOP的冲击敏感性为39 J，具有潜在的爆炸风险。这些结果提倡更新标准操作程序，强调健全的诊断标准，并强调在处理高能材料时需要高度谨慎，以确保更安全的化学品生产和有效的风险管理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Organic Process Research & Development 化学-应用化学

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

14.70%

发文量

251

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The journal Organic Process Research & Development serves as a communication tool between industrial chemists and chemists working in universities and research institutes. As such, it reports original work from the broad field of industrial process chemistry but also presents academic results that are relevant, or potentially relevant, to industrial applications. Process chemistry is the science that enables the safe, environmentally benign and ultimately economical manufacturing of organic compounds that are required in larger amounts to help address the needs of society. Consequently, the Journal encompasses every aspect of organic chemistry, including all aspects of catalysis, synthetic methodology development and synthetic strategy exploration, but also includes aspects from analytical and solid-state chemistry and chemical engineering, such as work-up tools，process safety, or flow-chemistry. The goal of development and optimization of chemical reactions and processes is their transfer to a larger scale; original work describing such studies and the actual implementation on scale is highly relevant to the journal. However, studies on new developments from either industry, research institutes or academia that have not yet been demonstrated on scale, but where an industrial utility can be expected and where the study has addressed important prerequisites for a scale-up and has given confidence into the reliability and practicality of the chemistry, also serve the mission of OPR&D as a communication tool between the different contributors to the field.