Periodontal Disease Increases the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

International Journal of Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2026-04-10 DOI:10.1155/ijcp/5296012

Limei Yang, Dong Zhang, Haiqiong Ran, Wenting Shao, Kangle Guo

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Abstract

Objectives

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and periodontal disease (PD) are metabolic and chronic inflammatory conditions, respectively, prevalent and often co-occurring during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the overall prevalence of PD during pregnancy and investigate the potential association between PD and GDM.

Materials and Methods

Observational studies reporting the prevalence of PD during pregnancy or investigating the relationship between PD and GDM were systematically searched in English and Chinese databases. Two independent researchers conducted literature screening and assessed the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed using R software to combine the prevalence of PD, presented as an estimate and the 95% confidence interval (CI), while the association between PD and GDM was pooled using the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% CI.

Results

A total of 21 studies were included, comprising case–control, cohort, and cross-sectional designs. The quality assessment revealed that all studies achieved an average score of 7 points. The meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of PD during pregnancy was 43% in case–control studies, 40% in cross-sectional studies, and 53% in cohort studies. The subgroup analysis indicated that PD was associated with an increased risk of GDM in case–control (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.16–2.22) and cohort studies (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.24–3.96).

Conclusions

The prevalence of PD during pregnancy was found to be notably high and was identified as a risk factor for GDM. However, due to the inconsistency among studies, further investigations are needed to elucidate the association between PD and GDM.

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牙周病增加妊娠期糖尿病的风险：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

目的妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）和牙周病（PD）分别是妊娠期常见的代谢性疾病和慢性炎症性疾病。本研究旨在确定妊娠期PD的总体患病率，并探讨PD与GDM之间的潜在关联。材料与方法系统检索中英文数据库中报道妊娠期PD患病率或PD与GDM关系的观察性研究。两名独立研究人员进行文献筛选并评估纳入研究的质量。使用R软件进行荟萃分析，结合PD的患病率，以估估值和95%置信区间（CI）表示，而PD与GDM之间的关联使用优势比（OR）和95% CI进行汇总。结果共纳入21项研究，包括病例对照、队列和横断面设计。质量评估显示，所有研究的平均得分为7分。荟萃分析显示，在病例对照研究中，妊娠期PD患病率为43%，在横断面研究中为40%，在队列研究中为53%。亚组分析表明，在病例对照研究（OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.16-2.22）和队列研究（OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.24-3.96）中，PD与GDM风险增加相关。结论妊娠期PD患病率较高，是GDM的危险因素之一。然而，由于研究的不一致性，需要进一步的研究来阐明PD与GDM之间的关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Clinical Practice 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

274

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： IJCP is a general medical journal. IJCP gives special priority to work that has international appeal. IJCP publishes: Editorials. IJCP Editorials are commissioned. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] Perspectives. Most IJCP Perspectives are commissioned. Example. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] Study design and interpretation. Example. [Always peer reviewed] Original data from clinical investigations. In particular: Primary research papers from RCTs, observational studies, epidemiological studies; pre-specified sub-analyses; pooled analyses. [Always peer reviewed] Meta-analyses. [Always peer reviewed] Systematic reviews. From October 2009, special priority will be given to systematic reviews. [Always peer reviewed] Non-systematic/narrative reviews. From October 2009, reviews that are not systematic will be considered only if they include a discrete Methods section that must explicitly describe the authors'' approach. Special priority will, however, be given to systematic reviews. [Always peer reviewed] ''How to…'' papers. Example. [Always peer reviewed] Consensus statements. [Always peer reviewed] Short reports. [Always peer reviewed] Letters. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] International scope IJCP publishes work from investigators globally. Around 30% of IJCP articles list an author from the UK. Around 30% of IJCP articles list an author from the USA or Canada. Around 45% of IJCP articles list an author from a European country that is not the UK. Around 15% of articles published in IJCP list an author from a country in the Asia-Pacific region.