Uniform 2D Target Generation via Inverse-Designed Metasurfaces

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-18 DOI:10.1109/JSTQE.2026.3675376

Yushi Zhou;Yun-Sheng Chen;Yang Zhao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We propose an inverse design framework for metasurfaces that achieves highly uniform two-dimensional intensity profiles across an on-demand shape. The optimization objective is formulated to enhance overall projection efficiency via the adjoint method, while a regularization term penalizes local deviations in field amplitude to suppress intensity non-uniformity. The regularization weight is adaptively tuned based on the current non-uniformity, enabling stable and efficient optimization. Compared with the widely used mean squared error (MSE) objective, our method yields superior performance in both intensity fidelity and uniformity. We also extend our framework to handle realistic Gaussian beam illumination by biasing the library. This framework utilizes the Finite Element Method (FEM) for surrogate modeling and full-wave Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations for rigorous verification. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our approach for generating high-quality, uniform field patterns.

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通过反设计的元表面均匀二维目标生成

我们提出了一个逆设计框架的超表面，实现高度均匀的二维强度分布跨越按需形状。优化目标是通过伴随方法提高整体投影效率，而正则化项则是对场振幅的局部偏差进行惩罚，以抑制强度的不均匀性。基于当前非均匀性自适应调整正则化权值，实现稳定高效的优化。与广泛使用的均方误差（MSE）物镜相比，我们的方法在强度保真度和均匀性方面都有更好的表现。我们还扩展了我们的框架，通过偏置库来处理真实的高斯光束照明。该框架利用有限元法（FEM）进行代理建模和全波时域有限差分（FDTD）仿真进行严格验证。仿真结果证实了我们的方法对于生成高质量、均匀的场图的有效性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

10.60

自引率

2.00%

发文量

212

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Papers published in the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics fall within the broad field of science and technology of quantum electronics of a device, subsystem, or system-oriented nature. Each issue is devoted to a specific topic within this broad spectrum. Announcements of the topical areas planned for future issues, along with deadlines for receipt of manuscripts, are published in this Journal and in the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. Generally, the scope of manuscripts appropriate to this Journal is the same as that for the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. Manuscripts are published that report original theoretical and/or experimental research results that advance the scientific and technological base of quantum electronics devices, systems, or applications. The Journal is dedicated toward publishing research results that advance the state of the art or add to the understanding of the generation, amplification, modulation, detection, waveguiding, or propagation characteristics of coherent electromagnetic radiation having sub-millimeter and shorter wavelengths. In order to be suitable for publication in this Journal, the content of manuscripts concerned with subject-related research must have a potential impact on advancing the technological base of quantum electronic devices, systems, and/or applications. Potential authors of subject-related research have the responsibility of pointing out this potential impact. System-oriented manuscripts must be concerned with systems that perform a function previously unavailable or that outperform previously established systems that did not use quantum electronic components or concepts. Tutorial and review papers are by invitation only.