Enhancing the scientific exploitation of future gravitational wave experiments through a multi-messenger approach

Abstract

We propose a multi-messenger approach by using electromagnetically observed parameters, like masses and redshifts, to refine predictions on the gravitational wave (GW) detection, while exploring unknown parameters, such as spins. This approach aims to construct a comprehensive observational catalog consisting of potential GW sources such as mergers of supermassive black holes (BHs) in quasars and X-shaped radio galaxies. Through a literature review, we compiled a preliminary catalog of potential sources. For these identified systems, we determined the key parameters crucial for GW modeling. One of our goals with this is to create a library of potential gravitational waveforms that could serve the GW community as training/testing data for the data analysis pipelines. This database is also meant to be used for the development of future data analysis tools that will be essential in processing and interpreting the data produced by the current and upcoming GW experiments. Using the LISA data challenge tools, so far we have modeled over 20 000 gravitational waveforms coming from potential systems of massive BH binaries and we intend to extend it up to a few hundred thousand waveforms coming from other binary systems as well. In this paper, we present the methods used for estimating the parameters of those sources that could emit electromagnetic counterparts of the GWs that LISA and other next-generation GW experiments may detect.