Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Loaded with Toluidine Blue as Cavity Disinfectant Activated via Light-Emitting Diode on the Shear Bond Strength and Resin Tag Length of Universal Adhesive: A Scanning Electron Microscope-EDX Study.

IF 1.8 Q2 SURGERY

Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI:10.1177/25785478251411131

Amer M Alanazi, Syed Hussain Askary, Ibrahim Warsi, Aamir Afzal, Muhammad Omar Niaz, Ambrina Qureshi

{"title":"Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Loaded with Toluidine Blue as Cavity Disinfectant Activated via Light-Emitting Diode on the Shear Bond Strength and Resin Tag Length of Universal Adhesive: A Scanning Electron Microscope-EDX Study.","authors":"Amer M Alanazi, Syed Hussain Askary, Ibrahim Warsi, Aamir Afzal, Muhammad Omar Niaz, Ambrina Qureshi","doi":"10.1177/25785478251411131","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), toluidine blue (TB) photosensitizer (PS), and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) loaded with TBPS (TB-CeO2NPs) activated via light-emitting diode (LED) on the shear bond strength (SBS) and resin tag length (RTL) of universal adhesive (UA) bonded using self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) approaches to the carious affected dentin (CAD).Methodology: A total of 66 mandibular molars were collected, and CAD was identified after the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criterion 4 or 5. Subsequently, the specimens were allocated into three cohorts based on CAD disinfection protocol (n = 22): Group 1: CHX, Group 2: TBPS, and Group 3: TB-CeO2NPs. Each group was further distributed into two subgroups based on the mode of application of UA, used (n = 11) in each: ER technique (A) and SE technique (B). Composite restorations were built, and all teeth were subjected to artificial aging. One pair of teeth from each cohort underwent RTL assessment via scanning electron microscope. Nine samples were used for SBS and fracture pattern examination via a universal testing machine and a stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were used to compare the means among the different investigated groups (p < 0.05).Results: The longest RTL (97.59 ± 1.96 μm) and highest bond strength (11.79 ± 0.83 MPa) were observed in Group 3B (TB-CeO2NPs-SE-UA) samples. Whereas the shortest resin tags (59.70 ± 1.01 μm) and lowest bond integrity (8.56 ± 0.45 MPa) were identified in Group 2A (TBPS-ER-UA).Conclusion: TB-CeO2NPs activated via LED can be used as a suitable alternative for CAD disinfection. UA bonded using ER and SE techniques displayed no significant difference in the RTL and bond strength outcomes.","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"44 3","pages":"201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478251411131","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/9 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"SURGERY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim: Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), toluidine blue (TB) photosensitizer (PS), and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂NPs) loaded with TBPS (TB-CeO₂NPs) activated via light-emitting diode (LED) on the shear bond strength (SBS) and resin tag length (RTL) of universal adhesive (UA) bonded using self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) approaches to the carious affected dentin (CAD).

Methodology: A total of 66 mandibular molars were collected, and CAD was identified after the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criterion 4 or 5. Subsequently, the specimens were allocated into three cohorts based on CAD disinfection protocol (n = 22): Group 1: CHX, Group 2: TBPS, and Group 3: TB-CeO₂NPs. Each group was further distributed into two subgroups based on the mode of application of UA, used (n = 11) in each: ER technique (A) and SE technique (B). Composite restorations were built, and all teeth were subjected to artificial aging. One pair of teeth from each cohort underwent RTL assessment via scanning electron microscope. Nine samples were used for SBS and fracture pattern examination via a universal testing machine and a stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were used to compare the means among the different investigated groups (p < 0.05).

Results: The longest RTL (97.59 ± 1.96 μm) and highest bond strength (11.79 ± 0.83 MPa) were observed in Group 3B (TB-CeO₂NPs-SE-UA) samples. Whereas the shortest resin tags (59.70 ± 1.01 μm) and lowest bond integrity (8.56 ± 0.45 MPa) were identified in Group 2A (TBPS-ER-UA).

Conclusion: TB-CeO₂NPs activated via LED can be used as a suitable alternative for CAD disinfection. UA bonded using ER and SE techniques displayed no significant difference in the RTL and bond strength outcomes.

查看原文本刊更多论文

负载甲苯胺蓝的氧化铈纳米粒子作为空腔消毒剂经发光二极管活化对通用胶粘剂剪切强度和树脂标签长度的影响：扫描电子显微镜- edx研究

目的：利用自蚀刻（SE）和蚀刻-冲洗（ER）两种方法，通过发光二极管（LED）激活负载TBPS （TB-CeO2NPs）的氧化铈纳米颗粒（CeO2NPs）与龋病牙本质（CAD）的剪切结合强度（SBS）和树脂标签长度（RTL），研究了二光酸氯己定（CHX）、甲苯胺蓝（TB）光敏剂（PS）和负载TBPS的氧化铈纳米颗粒（CeO2NPs）。方法：收集下颌磨牙66颗，按照国际龋齿检测与评估系统（ICDAS）标准4或5进行鉴定。随后，根据CAD消毒方案将标本分为3组（n = 22）： 1组：CHX， 2组：TBPS， 3组：TB-CeO2NPs。根据UA的应用方式将每组进一步分为两个亚组，每个亚组使用（n = 11）： ER技术(A)和SE技术(B)。建立复合修复体，所有牙齿进行人工老化。每组各有一对牙齿通过扫描电子显微镜进行RTL评估。用万能试验机和体视显微镜对9个试样进行了SBS和断裂模式的检查。采用单因素方差分析（One-way ANOVA）和事后Tukey检验比较不同调查组间的均数（p < 0.05）。结果：3B组（TB-CeO2NPs-SE-UA）样品的RTL最长（97.59±1.96 μm），结合强度最高（11.79±0.83 MPa）。而组2A （tps - er - ua）的树脂标签最短（59.70±1.01 μm），键完整性最低（8.56±0.45 MPa）。结论：经LED活化的TB-CeO2NPs可作为CAD消毒的合适替代品。使用ER和SE技术粘合的UA在RTL和粘合强度结果上没有显着差异。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊