Evaluation of an angio-osseo inductive bone ceramic versus demineralised freeze-dried bone allograft in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal intrabony defects (IBDs) respond favourably to regenerative periodontal therapy. Various graft and non-graft materials have been used, with non-allogenic bone substitutes offering the potential to enhance clinical outcomes and radiographic defect resolution. Angio-Osseo Inductive Bone Ceramic (ABC), a novel ion-doped biphasic calcium phosphate graft, has shown promise due to its osteogenic and angiogenic potential.

Aim: The study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of ABC and demineralised freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in the surgical management of periodontal IBDs.

Materials & methods: A parallel-group, examiner- and statistician-blinded, randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 IBDs (one per patient), randomly assigned to ABC (test, n = 15) or DFDBA (control, n = 15). Clinical parameters, including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Radiographic bone fill was assessed at 3 and 6 months using standardised digital radiovisiography.

Results: In both groups, mean IBD scores were significantly different at all time intervals (p < 0.05). Intergroup differences in PPD reduction and CAL gain were not statistically significant. Radiographic analysis demonstrated significantly greater bone fill in the test group (68.63%) compared with the control group (45.48%) at 6 months (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Both ABC and DFDBA were effective in the treatment of periodontal IBDs. However, ABC demonstrated statistically significant improvement in defect fill, supporting its potential as a novel alloplastic alternative to conventional allograft.