{"title":"Two-sex life tables of bifenthrin-selected and unselected strains of <i>Chrysoperla carnea</i>: stability of resistance.","authors":"Iqra Khalid, Obaiba Khalid, Sarfraz Ali Shad","doi":"10.1017/S0007485326100960","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chrysoperla carnea</i> (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is an important agricultural biocontrol agent that preys on various soft-bodied insect pests. This study was carried out to evaluate the fitness parameters of bifenthrin-selected (Bifen-Sel) and unselected (Unsel) strains of <i>C. carnea</i> and their reciprocal crosses (C<sub>1</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>) by using an age-stage and two-sex life table approach. After continuous selection with bifenthrin (44 generations), the Bifen-Sel strain of <i>C. carnea</i> developed a 9.55-fold resistance level when compared to that of the Unsel. Biological parameters, such as the pupal period, pre-adult duration, male and female longevity, adult pre-oviposition period, and oviposition period of the Bifen-Sel strain, all were significantly different from that of the Unsel strain and their crosses C<sub>1</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>. The larval period, total pre-oviposition period, female ratio, reproductive female ratio, and fecundity of the Bifen-Sel strain were significantly different from those of the Unsel strain. Demographic parameters, including intrinsic rate (<i>r<sub>m</sub></i>), finite rate (<i>λ</i>), net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>), mean generation rate (<i>T</i>), and gross reproductive rate of the Bifen-Sel strain, were similar to those of the Unsel strain but significantly higher than those of the C<sub>1</sub> and C<sub>2</sub> crosses of <i>C. carnea</i>. Bifenthrin resistance was stable in the Bifen-Sel strain of <i>C. carnea</i>. These findings provide valuable insights into bifenthrin resistance dynamics in <i>C. carnea</i> as it resulted in no fitness cost and support its selective use under controlled conditions, while highlighting the need for future research on predation potential of this resistant strain under field conditions with bifenthrin applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485326100960","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENTOMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is an important agricultural biocontrol agent that preys on various soft-bodied insect pests. This study was carried out to evaluate the fitness parameters of bifenthrin-selected (Bifen-Sel) and unselected (Unsel) strains of C. carnea and their reciprocal crosses (C1 and C2) by using an age-stage and two-sex life table approach. After continuous selection with bifenthrin (44 generations), the Bifen-Sel strain of C. carnea developed a 9.55-fold resistance level when compared to that of the Unsel. Biological parameters, such as the pupal period, pre-adult duration, male and female longevity, adult pre-oviposition period, and oviposition period of the Bifen-Sel strain, all were significantly different from that of the Unsel strain and their crosses C1 and C2. The larval period, total pre-oviposition period, female ratio, reproductive female ratio, and fecundity of the Bifen-Sel strain were significantly different from those of the Unsel strain. Demographic parameters, including intrinsic rate (rm), finite rate (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation rate (T), and gross reproductive rate of the Bifen-Sel strain, were similar to those of the Unsel strain but significantly higher than those of the C1 and C2 crosses of C. carnea. Bifenthrin resistance was stable in the Bifen-Sel strain of C. carnea. These findings provide valuable insights into bifenthrin resistance dynamics in C. carnea as it resulted in no fitness cost and support its selective use under controlled conditions, while highlighting the need for future research on predation potential of this resistant strain under field conditions with bifenthrin applications.
期刊介绍：
Established in 1910, the internationally recognised Bulletin of Entomological Research aims to further global knowledge of entomology through the generalisation of research findings rather than providing more entomological exceptions. The Bulletin publishes high quality and original research papers, ''critiques'' and review articles concerning insects or other arthropods of economic importance in agriculture, forestry, stored products, biological control, medicine, animal health and natural resource management. The scope of papers addresses the biology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and systematics of individuals and populations, with a particular emphasis upon the major current and emerging pests of agriculture, horticulture and forestry, and vectors of human and animal diseases. This includes the interactions between species (plants, hosts for parasites, natural enemies and whole communities), novel methodological developments, including molecular biology, in an applied context. The Bulletin does not publish the results of pesticide testing or traditional taxonomic revisions.
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