Correlation Analysis of 24-h Minimum Heart Rate Levels and Deceleration Capacity of Heart Rate in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated With Essential Hypertension

IF 0.9 4区医学 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI:10.1111/anec.70189

Pingping Wu, Zhengrong Xu, Xiuyu Zheng, Linying Gong, Hongkun Qiao, Guoyan Xu, Qunfang Xie

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Abstract

Objective

To investigate the association between 24-h minimum heart rate (MHR) and deceleration capacity (DC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and essential hypertension (EH) and to explore DC differences across sex-stratified MHR categories.

Methods

In this single-center cross-sectional study, 123 patients with T2DM and EH were stratified by sex-specific 24-h MHR thresholds (reduced/normal/elevated) based on previous studies. DC and heart rate variability (HRV) indices were derived from 24-h Holter recordings. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between MHR and DC. Subsequently, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with DC as the dependent variable to identify independent predictors of DC. Demographics, HRV indices, echocardiographic parameters, and laboratory findings were included as independent variables. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex and MHR categories were also performed.

Results

MHR showed a significant negative correlation with DC (r = −0.484, p < 0.001). Stepwise multiple linear regression identified age (β = −0.264, p < 0.001), MHR (β = −0.320, p = 0.001), and SDNN_INDX (β = 0.316, p = 0.001) as independent DC predictors. Sex-MHR subgroup analysis revealed: In Group B (normal MHR), age predicted reduced DC in both sexes (males: β = −0.375, p = 0.041; females: β = −0.612, p = 0.009). In Group C (elevated MHR), SDNN_INDX correlated with higher DC in both sexes (males: β = 0.363, p = 0.027; females: β = 0.808, p < 0.001). MHR negatively impacted DC only in males with elevated MHR (β = −0.386, p = 0.019).

Conclusion

Age predicts reduced DC within normal MHR ranges, while preserved SDNN_INDX correlates with higher DC in elevated MHR subgroups. This sex- and MHR-stratified approach enables personalized risk stratification in T2DM and EH patients.

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2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者24小时最低心率水平与心率减速能力的相关性分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并原发性高血压（EH）患者24小时最小心率（MHR）与减速能力（DC）的关系，并探讨不同性别MHR类别的DC差异。方法：在这项单中心横断面研究中，123例T2DM和EH患者在既往研究的基础上按性别特异性24小时MHR阈值（降低/正常/升高）进行分层。DC和心率变异性（HRV）指数来源于24小时动态心电图记录。采用双变量相关分析检验MHR与DC之间的关系。随后，以DC为因变量进行多元线性回归分析，找出DC的独立预测因子。人口统计学、HRV指数、超声心动图参数和实验室结果作为自变量。还进行了按性别和MHR分类分层的亚组分析。结果：MHR与DC呈显著负相关（r = -0.484, p）。结论：在MHR正常范围内，年龄预测DC降低，而在MHR升高亚组中，保留的SDNN_INDX与较高的DC相关。这种按性别和hr分层的方法可以对T2DM和EH患者进行个性化的风险分层。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology 医学-心血管系统

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The ANNALS OF NONINVASIVE ELECTROCARDIOLOGY (A.N.E) is an online only journal that incorporates ongoing advances in the clinical application and technology of traditional and new ECG-based techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac patients. ANE is the first journal in an evolving subspecialty that incorporates ongoing advances in the clinical application and technology of traditional and new ECG-based techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac patients. The publication includes topics related to 12-lead, exercise and high-resolution electrocardiography, arrhythmias, ischemia, repolarization phenomena, heart rate variability, circadian rhythms, bioengineering technology, signal-averaged ECGs, T-wave alternans and automatic external defibrillation. ANE publishes peer-reviewed articles of interest to clinicians and researchers in the field of noninvasive electrocardiology. Original research, clinical studies, state-of-the-art reviews, case reports, technical notes, and letters to the editors will be published to meet future demands in this field.