Navigating Power Rivalry: Small South Asian States in China–India Competition

Abstract

As China's influence expands in South Asia through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), small states face the challenge of navigating Sino-Indian rivalry. While there is erstwhile work on the implications of this growing Sino-India rivalry on South Asia, there is limited analysis of how small South Asian states have been adjusting their foreign policies. This study examines how small states have adapted their strategies since the BRI's initiation in 2013. This study argues that there is a shift from traditional bandwagoning with India to hedging between India and China. By leveraging Chinese economic investments and India's strategic ties, such states pursue strategic autonomy, maximizing economic benefits while minimizing dependency. Understanding these evolving strategies offers insights into the agency of small states by demonstrating their ability to operate between major powers by safeguarding their national interests.