Retrospective review of orbital floor fractures presenting to Emergency Departments between 2012–2024 within NHS hospitals within the United Kingdom

Abstract

Background

Orbital floor fractures, a common subtype of midfacial trauma, can result in significant morbidity, impact quality of life, and impose a substantial burden on the healthcare system. In the United Kingdom (UK), the National Health Service (NHS) provides emergency care for such injuries. This study aimed to examine the demographic trends of orbital floor fractures in the UK between 2012 and 2024 and to evaluate the temporal trend in the proportion of cases managed surgically.

Methods

Data were extracted from the NHS “Hospital Admitted Patient Care Activity” annual reports that includes data on orbital floor fractures. Following extraction to Microsoft Excel, data were standardized using census data from the Office for National Statistics to minimize bias. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad software.

Results

Men were more potentially to develop orbital floor fractures. Presentations increased among patients aged ≥60, with the highest incidence in those ≥75 years. Fracture rates declined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic but increased after social distancing measures were lifted. Most fractures were managed conservatively, and surgical interventions decreased over time.

Conclusion

Orbital floor fractures predominantly affected men and older adults. Future studies should investigate geographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors to guide public health policies. Initiatives targeting fall prevention are warranted to address the rising fracture incidence among patients aged ≥60 years.