Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Spallation and Equation of State of TiZrHfNbTa Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Under Dynamic High Pressure

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Thin-Walled Structures Pub Date : 2026-04-11 DOI:10.1016/j.tws.2026.114949

Yuyang Guo, Cheng Wang, Yiwen Hai

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Abstract

The dynamic compressive mechanical response, post-mortem sample analysis, theoretical calculations, and finite element simulations of a body-centered cubic (BCC) single-phase TiZrHfNbTa refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) were investigated through plate impact tests at impact velocities ranging from 353.85 to 908.00 m/s. The free-surface velocity histories were measured under loading strain rates of 0.11–0.17 × 10⁵ s⁻¹ and peak stresses of 3.41–17.27 GPa. The results indicate that the Hugoniot elastic limit of the TiZrHfNbTa RHEA ranges from 0.43 to 0.45 GPa, and the spall strength ranges from 2.54 to 3.75 GPa. A positive correlation between peak stress and spall strength is observed, demonstrating a significant strain rate strengthening effect. The Mie-Grüneisen equation of state (EOS) for the TiZrHfNbTa RHEA was established with parameters C₀=3028.45 m/s、λ=1.90、Г₀=2.86, and a=0.78. The validity of the equation of state was verified through finite element analysis, with a maximum relative error of 7.51%. Furthermore, combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 、X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) analyses revealed that the alloy exhibits a ductile–brittle mixed fracture mode dominated by ductile damage. Due to the coupled effects of locally ultra-high strain rates and shock-induced temperature rise (maximum of 601.2 K) within adiabatic shear bands, the TiZrHfNbTa RHEA undergoes a phase transformation from a single-phase BCC to a dual-phase BCC+HCP structure. This dual-phase structure impedes crack propagation, increases crack path tortuosity, and consumes more fracture energy, thereby enhancing the spall strength of the alloy and reducing the re-acceleration during damage evolution.

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动高压下TiZrHfNbTa难熔高熵合金裂裂及状态方程的实验与数值研究

通过冲击速度为353.85 ~ 908.00 m/s的平板冲击试验，研究了体心立方（BCC）单相TiZrHfNbTa耐火高熵合金（RHEA）的动态压缩力学响应、试样分析、理论计算和有限元模拟。在加载应变率为0.11-0.17 × 10 5 -⁻¹和峰值应力为3.41-17.27 GPa的情况下，测量了自由表面速度历史。结果表明：TiZrHfNbTa RHEA的Hugoniot弹性极限范围为0.43 ~ 0.45 GPa，小块强度范围为2.54 ~ 3.75 GPa；峰值应力与剥落强度呈正相关，表现出显著的应变速率强化效应。建立了TiZrHfNbTa RHEA的mie - grisen状态方程（EOS），参数为C0=3028.45 m/s, λ=1.90， Г0=2.86, a=0.78。通过有限元分析验证了状态方程的有效性，最大相对误差为7.51%。扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）和电子背散射衍射（EBSD）综合分析表明，该合金呈现以韧性损伤为主的韧脆混合断裂模式。由于绝热剪切带内局部超高应变速率和冲击温升（最高601.2 K）的耦合作用，TiZrHfNbTa RHEA经历了从单相BCC到双相BCC+HCP结构的相变。这种双相结构阻碍了裂纹扩展，增加了裂纹路径弯曲度，消耗了更多的断裂能，从而提高了合金的小块强度，减少了损伤演化过程中的再加速。

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来源期刊

Thin-Walled Structures 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

20.30%

发文量

801

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Thin-walled structures comprises an important and growing proportion of engineering construction with areas of application becoming increasingly diverse, ranging from aircraft, bridges, ships and oil rigs to storage vessels, industrial buildings and warehouses. Many factors, including cost and weight economy, new materials and processes and the growth of powerful methods of analysis have contributed to this growth, and led to the need for a journal which concentrates specifically on structures in which problems arise due to the thinness of the walls. This field includes cold– formed sections, plate and shell structures, reinforced plastics structures and aluminium structures, and is of importance in many branches of engineering. The primary criterion for consideration of papers in Thin–Walled Structures is that they must be concerned with thin–walled structures or the basic problems inherent in thin–walled structures. Provided this criterion is satisfied no restriction is placed on the type of construction, material or field of application. Papers on theory, experiment, design, etc., are published and it is expected that many papers will contain aspects of all three.