Training in Minimal Access Surgery: A Perspective.

Abstract

Minimal access surgery (MAS) represents the third major revolution in surgical practice after anaesthesia and antisepsis. Despite its widespread adoption, structured training in MAS has lagged behind, often leaving postgraduate curriculum incomplete. This manuscript explores the evolution of MAS training, highlighting the unique challenges of eye-hand coordination, depth perception, and reliance on camera system. Various training modalities including endotrainers, animal and cadaveric models, simulators, observer ships, and credentialing programmes are critically examined. The emergence of robotic surgery introduces new skill sets and assessment tools, necessitating comprehensive curriculum that integrate simulation, team coordination, and structured certification. Future horizons point towards affordable robotic systems, virtual reality, and AI-powered feedback, making training more realistic and accessible. A structured, credentialed approach remains essential to ensure safe surgical practice and optimal patient outcome.