Topical review: Incorporating generative artificial intelligence into neuropsychology training: best practices, pitfalls, and recommendations for effective implementation.

Abstract

Objective: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of neuropsychology by offering innovative opportunities to enhance clinical assessment precision, improve diagnostic accuracy, and streamline administrative duties. AI tools have the potential to enrich trainee education by supporting case conceptualization, personalizing treatment recommendations, assisting with report writing, and simulating complex clinical scenarios. Despite these benefits, there remains a lack of standardized guidelines for how neuropsychology training programs should responsibly and effectively integrate AI into supervision and educational practice.

Method: This topical review integrates emerging best practices, current challenges, and future directions for AI integration into neuropsychology training. We adapt the Integrative Developmental Model (IDM) of supervision, which conceptualizes trainee growth across progressive levels of motivation, autonomy, and professional identity.

Results: This review highlights the importance of establishing ethical safeguards, supervisor training, curriculum development, and developmentally appropriate implementation to ensure that technology supports, rather than replaces, clinical judgement and practice. By applying IDM principles, AI can be introduced in a developmentally appropriate manner, balancing the need for structured guidance, ethical safeguards, and flexibility in supervision.

Conclusions: This structured approach promotes both skill acquisition and responsible professional growth while aligning with broader ethical standards in psychology. When operationalized thoughtfully, these principles enable neuropsychology training programs to harness the potential benefits of AI while maintaining clinical rigor, professional standards, and ethical integrity. Developmentally informed supervision, grounded in the IDM, provides a flexible framework to ensure that AI strengthens rather than undermines the preparation of future neuropsychologists.