[Effect of concentrated growth factors in guided tissue regeneration for the treatment of mandibular molar furcation lesions].

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the potential of concentrated growth factors (CGF) to enhance the regenerative efficacy of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) when combined with bone graft in the treatment of grade Ⅱ furcation defects in mandibular molars.

Methods: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. A total of 16 patients (aged 20-60 years) with chronic periodontitis requiring periodontal surgical intervention were enrolled. All the participants had completed initial periodontal therapy. This involved a total of 20 mandibular molars, which comprised 36 instances of grade Ⅱ furcation lesions located on the buccal or lingual aspects. The 36 furcation lesions were randomly assigned to two groups, with each group containing 18 lesions. The experimental group received treatment with CGF combined with GTR and bone grafting, while the control group was treated with GTR and bone grafting alone. Clinical examinations and cone beam CT (CBCT) assessments were conducted on the affected teeth prior to the surgery, 6 months and 1 year post surgery. Clinical parameters recorded included probing depth (PD), vertical clinical attachment level (CAL-V), horizontal clinical attachment level (CAL-H). CBCT scans were acquired. The radiographic outcomes assessed included bone loss in the vertical direction (BL-V) and horizontal direction (BL-H). Changes in both clinical parameters and CBCT data at baseline and 1 year post surgery were compared between the experimental group and control group.

Results: At baseline, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of PD, CAL-V, CAL-H, and BL-V, BL-H as assessed by CBCT (P>0.05), indicating good baseline balance. Six months and 1 year post surgery, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in clinical indicators compared with baseline (P < 0.01). Notably, one year post surgery, the enhancement observed in the experimental group was significantly greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05): the reduction in PD was (4.75±1.87) mm in the experimental group versus (3.43±1.76) mm in the control group; the decrease in CAL-V was (5.55±1.04) mm in the experimental group versus (4.41±1.08) mm in the control group; the decrease in CAL-H was (3.89±1.22) mm in the experimental group versus (3.07±1.02) mm in the control group. One year post surgery, CBCT results demonstrated that the reduction in BL-V was (4.05±1.37) mm in the experimental group compared with (3.17±1.09) mm in the control group, and the reduction in BL-H was (4.02±1.32) mm versus (3.27±1.08) mm.

Conclusion: The one-year observational findings demonstrate that CGF enhances the regenerative efficacy of GTR combined with bone graft in the treatment of grade Ⅱ furcation defects in mandibular molars.