Kinetic Study on the Deoxidation of Blister Copper Using Hydrogen Gas Bubbling

IF 4.5 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI:10.1007/s12540-025-02060-0

So-Yeong Lee, Jungshin Kang, Ho-Sang Sohn

{"title":"Kinetic Study on the Deoxidation of Blister Copper Using Hydrogen Gas Bubbling","authors":"So-Yeong Lee, Jungshin Kang, Ho-Sang Sohn","doi":"10.1007/s12540-025-02060-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the deoxidation rate of blister copper (Cu) using hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) – argon (Ar) and H<sub>2</sub> gas bubbling. By introducing an H<sub>2</sub> – Ar mixed gas through a submerged lance, the deoxidation reaction occurs at the reaction interface during the rise of gas bubbles. Experiments were conducted at 1473 K, with a total gas flow rate of 0.5 × 10<sup>−5</sup> to 1.5 × 10<sup>−5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> and an initial H<sub>2</sub> partial pressure of 0.2 to 1.0 atm. The deoxidation rate equation of Cu melt was derived based on the two-film model, considering the mass transfer of dissolved oxygen (O) through the liquid boundary layer and the counter-diffusion of H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O through the gas boundary layer. Additionally, the change in the mass transfer resistances under different reaction conditions was analyzed to investigate the transition of the rate-controlling step. The derived model for the Cu deoxidation rate was validated against the experimental results and showed good agreement. The rate-controlling step successively changed from mass transfer in the gas boundary layer of H<sub>2</sub> to mixed-rate control phase and finally to a mass transfer of O in the liquid boundary layer. Under the conditions used in this study, a lower H<sub>2</sub> partial pressure increased deoxidation efficiency in the latter stage by promoting more complete H<sub>2</sub> consumption within individual bubbles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"32 5","pages":"1687 - 1699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Metals and Materials International","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12540-025-02060-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigates the deoxidation rate of blister copper (Cu) using hydrogen (H₂) – argon (Ar) and H₂ gas bubbling. By introducing an H₂ – Ar mixed gas through a submerged lance, the deoxidation reaction occurs at the reaction interface during the rise of gas bubbles. Experiments were conducted at 1473 K, with a total gas flow rate of 0.5 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ m³·s⁻¹ and an initial H₂ partial pressure of 0.2 to 1.0 atm. The deoxidation rate equation of Cu melt was derived based on the two-film model, considering the mass transfer of dissolved oxygen (O) through the liquid boundary layer and the counter-diffusion of H₂ and H₂O through the gas boundary layer. Additionally, the change in the mass transfer resistances under different reaction conditions was analyzed to investigate the transition of the rate-controlling step. The derived model for the Cu deoxidation rate was validated against the experimental results and showed good agreement. The rate-controlling step successively changed from mass transfer in the gas boundary layer of H₂ to mixed-rate control phase and finally to a mass transfer of O in the liquid boundary layer. Under the conditions used in this study, a lower H₂ partial pressure increased deoxidation efficiency in the latter stage by promoting more complete H₂ consumption within individual bubbles.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

气泡铜氢气鼓泡脱氧动力学研究

研究了氢气(H2) -氩气（Ar）和氢气鼓泡对起泡铜（Cu）的脱氧速率。通过浸没喷枪引入H2 - Ar混合气体，在气泡上升的过程中在反应界面处发生脱氧反应。实验温度为1473 K，气体总流量为0.5 × 10−5 ~ 1.5 × 10−5 m3·s−1，初始H2分压为0.2 ~ 1.0 atm。考虑溶解氧(O)通过液相边界层的传质和H2、H2O通过气相边界层的反扩散，基于双膜模型推导了Cu熔体脱氧速率方程。此外，还分析了不同反应条件下传质阻力的变化，探讨了速率控制步骤的转变。所得模型与实验结果吻合较好。速率控制步骤依次由H2气相边界层传质到混合速率控制相，最后变为O液相边界层传质。在本研究中使用的条件下，较低的H2分压通过促进单个气泡内更完全的H2消耗来提高后期的脱氧效率。图形抽象

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Metals and Materials International 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

8.60%

发文量

197

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： Metals and Materials International publishes original papers and occasional critical reviews on all aspects of research and technology in materials engineering: physical metallurgy, materials science, and processing of metals and other materials. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the relationships among the processing, structure and properties (mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic and optical) of materials. Aspects of processing include the melting, casting, and fabrication with the thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling.