ULF Wave Modulation of Energetic Electron Precipitation Caused by the Self-Limiting of Space Radiation: May 2024 Superstorm Observations

IF 2.9 2区地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI:10.1029/2025JA034908

L. Olifer, D. Zhou, M. Patel, I. R. Mann, M. K. Hudson, A. W. Degeling, C. O. Heinke, G. R. Sivakoff, A. Kale, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, K. Keika, T. Hori, T. Mitani, T. Takashima, Y. Kasahara, S. Matsuda, A. Shinbori, A. Matsuoka, M. Teramoto, K. Yamamoto, I. Shinohara, Y. Miyoshi

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Abstract

The May 2024 geomagnetic superstorm provided the opportunity to explore how strong wave-particle interactions affect energetic electron precipitation under intense driving. Using coordinated measurements from a balloon-borne Timepix-based X-ray detector, ground-based riometers and magnetometers, and Arase satellite observations, we identified quasi-periodic bursts of energetic electron precipitation coincident with Pc5 ultra low frequency (ULF) wave oscillations. Arase satellite data revealed energy-dispersed trapped energetic electron flux modulations in the “seed” energy range, indicating that trapped electron flux was likely modulated by ULF waves. This letter reveals that these flux enhancements surpassed the Kennel-Petschek (K-P) limit, creating intense chorus waves and driving periodic electron precipitation. Drift-dispersion analysis traced these modulations back to a source in the post-noon magnetospheric sector, matching balloon and ground-based measurements. Here, we propose a novel indirect ULF wave-driven mechanism for modulated energetic electron precipitation, whereby periodic modulations of “seed” electron fluxes enhance electron losses.

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空间辐射自限引起的高能电子沉淀的ULF波调制：2024年5月超级风暴观测

2024年5月的地磁超级风暴为探索强波粒相互作用如何影响强驱动下的高能电子沉淀提供了机会。利用基于timepixx的气球x射线探测器、地面测速仪和磁力计以及Arase卫星观测的协调测量，我们确定了与Pc5超低频（ULF）波振荡相一致的高能电子沉淀准周期性爆发。Arase卫星数据揭示了能量分散的捕获高能电子通量在“种子”能量范围内的调制，表明捕获的电子通量可能被ULF波调制。这封信揭示了这些通量的增强超过了Kennel-Petschek （K-P）极限，产生了强烈的合唱波并驱动了周期性的电子沉淀。漂移-色散分析将这些调制追溯到中午后磁层区域的一个源，与气球和地面测量相匹配。在这里，我们提出了一种新的间接ULF波驱动机制，用于调制高能电子沉淀，其中“种子”电子通量的周期性调制增强了电子损失。

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