Stress Distribution and Heat Transfer of Steel Alloys Insights Into Gas Turbine Compressor Stator Blade Performance and Failure Mechanisms

Abstract

During gas turbine operations, compressor blades play a crucial role in power generation. Here, we address the issue of high pressure, rotational speed, and temperatures which can lead to material deterioration in compressor stator blades. In this study, a comprehensive numerical investigation is conducted to estimate the thermal and structural characteristics of gas turbine compressor stator blades made from AISI 403 martensitic stainless steel and its niobium-enhanced version, AISI 403 + Nb. Finite elements based couples thermo-mechanical simulation is conducted elements in COMSOL Multiphysics to inspect thermal conduction, temperature variations, structural changes, and the generation of stress during the operation of gas turbines. The comparative study reveals that the inclusion of niobium markedly enhances the thermal characteristics of the alloy. The AISI 403 + Nb blade exhibits a more consistent temperature distribution and diminished thermal gradients, resulting in decreased thermal stresses and enhanced structural integrity. Furthermore, the overall deformation is less than that of standard AISI 403, indicating improved durability against thermo-mechanical loading. These findings affirm that AISI 403 + Nb is a promising material for long-lasting and sustainable applications in compressor stator blades.