Fractionation of Milligram Quantities of Gadolinium and Terbium Ions by Annular Free-Flow Isotachophoresis

IF 2.6 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

ELECTROPHORESIS Pub Date : 2026-06-17 Epub Date: 2026-04-11 DOI:10.1002/elps.70094

Hannah Hallikainen, Xiaofeng Guo, Cornelius Ivory

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Abstract

The fractionation of milligram quantities of gadolinium (Gd) and terbium (Tb) ions is demonstrated using annular free-flow isotachophoresis (ITP) with ammonium as the leading ion and hydronium as the terminating ion, and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) and acetate as lanthanide complexing ligands. Buffer conditions were designed using numerical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics, allowing for rapid screening of candidate buffer systems before laboratory experiments. The leading electrolyte contained 15 mM ammonium acetate, 5 mM acetic acid, and 3.5 mM HIBA at pH 4.9, while the terminating electrolyte consisted of 15 mM glutamic acid, 5 mM acetic acid, and 3.5 mM HIBA at pH 3.1. After 5 h of electrophoresis at 2 kV and at a mass loading of 7.077 mg Gd and 7.074 mg Tb, 84.08% of the Tb mass was recovered in the first 7 fractions removed from the separation column, and 86.51% of the Gd mass was recovered from the remaining 11 fractions. Overall recoveries of Gd and Tb were 95.07% and 99.13%, respectively.

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环形自由流动等速电泳分离毫克级钆和铽离子。

以铵离子为先导离子，水合氢离子为终止离子，α-羟基异丁酸（HIBA）和醋酸盐为镧系络合配体，采用环空自由流等速电泳（ITP）技术对mg级钆（Gd）和铽（Tb）离子进行了分馏。在COMSOL Multiphysics中使用数值模拟设计缓冲条件，允许在实验室实验之前快速筛选候选缓冲系统。先导电解质由15 mM乙酸铵、5 mM乙酸和3.5 mM HIBA组成，pH值为4.9；终止电解质由15 mM谷氨酸、5 mM乙酸和3.5 mM HIBA组成，pH值为3.1。以7.077 mg Gd和7.074 mg Tb为质量负荷，在2 kV条件下电泳5 h后，分离柱中分离出的前7个馏分中Tb质量回收率为84.08%，其余11个馏分中Gd质量回收率为86.51%。Gd和Tb的总回收率分别为95.07%和99.13%。

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来源期刊

ELECTROPHORESIS 生物-分析化学

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

13.80%

发文量

244

审稿时长

1.9 months

期刊介绍： ELECTROPHORESIS is an international journal that publishes original manuscripts on all aspects of electrophoresis, and liquid phase separations (e.g., HPLC, micro- and nano-LC, UHPLC, micro- and nano-fluidics, liquid-phase micro-extractions, etc.). Topics include new or improved analytical and preparative methods, sample preparation, development of theory, and innovative applications of electrophoretic and liquid phase separations methods in the study of nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates natural products, pharmaceuticals, food analysis, environmental species and other compounds of importance to the life sciences. Papers in the areas of microfluidics and proteomics, which are not limited to electrophoresis-based methods, will also be accepted for publication. Contributions focused on hyphenated and omics techniques are also of interest. Proteomics is within the scope, if related to its fundamentals and new technical approaches. Proteomics applications are only considered in particular cases. Papers describing the application of standard electrophoretic methods will not be considered. Papers on nanoanalysis intended for publication in ELECTROPHORESIS should focus on one or more of the following topics: • Nanoscale electrokinetics and phenomena related to electric double layer and/or confinement in nano-sized geometry • Single cell and subcellular analysis • Nanosensors and ultrasensitive detection aspects (e.g., involving quantum dots, "nanoelectrodes" or nanospray MS) • Nanoscale/nanopore DNA sequencing (next generation sequencing) • Micro- and nanoscale sample preparation • Nanoparticles and cells analyses by dielectrophoresis • Separation-based analysis using nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanowires.