The Role of Ultrasound in Gynecomastia.

Abstract

Gynecomastia is a frequent cause of male breast enlargement and may result from physiological, pathological, or drug-induced mechanisms. Ultrasound offers a dynamic, non-invasive assessment that goes beyond image depiction, helping to differentiate gynecomastia from pseudogynecomastia and identify morphological stages. Typical sonographic patterns support clinical decisions, guide additional laboratory or imaging workup, and allow early recognition of suspicious features suggestive of malignancy. While mammography retains value in older patients or when cancer is suspected, ultrasound is generally the preferred first-line modality, providing essential information for accurate diagnosis and individualized management.