Factors associated with medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Namibia.

IF 1.2 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Health SA Gesondheid Pub Date : 2026-03-13 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI:10.4102/hsag.v31i0.3178

Daniel O Ashipala, Medusalem H Joel, Abraham V Nghikevali, Anton Victorinu

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Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major public health concern, with non-adherence to treatment undermining disease management and control. In Namibia, little research exists on medication adherence among hypertensive patients, particularly in the Kavango East region, Namibia.

Aim: This study examined demographic, clinical, behavioural, and health system factors associated with medication adherence among hypertensive patients at a regional hospital in the Kavango East region, Namibia.

Setting: The study was conducted at the outpatient department of a regional hospital in north-eastern Namibia.

Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional approach was used with 200 hypertensive patients selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed with Chi-squared tests and logistic regression to assess associations with adherence.

Results: Non-adherence to antihypertensive medications was common, with 62% (n = 124) reporting missed doses. Key reasons included forgetfulness (n = 112; 56%), side effects (n = 88; 44%), financial constraints (n = 74; 37%), transport barriers (n = 64; 32%), and poor knowledge (n = 52; 26%). Significant predictors of poor adherence included forgetfulness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.39, p = 0.006), side effects (AOR = 0.42, p = 0.011), financial constraints (AOR = 0.40, p = 0.009), and transport difficulties (AOR = 0.44, p = 0.019). Employment (AOR = 0.52, p = 0.041) and living with hypertension for ≥ 5 years (AOR = 1.75, p = 0.047) were protective, while men were 1.48 times more likely to adhere than women.

Conclusion: Adherence to antihypertensive therapy is undermined by socioeconomic, behavioural, and health system barriers.

Contribution: This study provides much-needed evidence on the determinants of medication adherence in Namibia. It offers guidance for public health strategies, community awareness, and improved hypertension management outcomes.

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纳米比亚高血压患者药物依从性的相关因素

背景：高血压是一个主要的公共卫生问题，不坚持治疗会破坏疾病的管理和控制。在纳米比亚，关于高血压患者的药物依从性的研究很少，特别是在纳米比亚的Kavango东部地区。目的：本研究调查了纳米比亚东Kavango地区一家地区医院高血压患者中与药物依从性相关的人口统计学、临床、行为和卫生系统因素。环境：研究在纳米比亚东北部一家地区医院的门诊部进行。方法：采用定量、横断面方法，连续抽样抽取200例高血压患者。使用自我管理问卷收集数据，并使用卡方检验和逻辑回归分析以评估依从性的相关性。结果：抗高血压药物不依从性很常见，62% （n = 124）报告漏服剂量。主要原因包括健忘（n = 112; 56%）、副作用（n = 88; 44%）、经济拮据（n = 74; 37%）、运输障碍（n = 64; 32%）和知识贫乏（n = 52; 26%）。不良依从性的显著预测因素包括健忘（调整优势比[AOR] = 0.39, p = 0.006）、副作用（AOR = 0.42, p = 0.011）、经济拮据（AOR = 0.40, p = 0.009）和运输困难（AOR = 0.44, p = 0.019）。就业（AOR = 0.52, p = 0.041）和患有高血压≥5年（AOR = 1.75, p = 0.047）具有保护作用，而男性坚持服药的可能性是女性的1.48倍。结论：抗高血压治疗的依从性受到社会经济、行为和卫生系统障碍的影响。贡献：本研究提供了纳米比亚药物依从性决定因素急需的证据。它为公共卫生战略、社区意识和改善高血压管理结果提供指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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