Parental incarceration and psychiatric disorders, suicidal behavior, risk-taking, and substance misuse events in offspring: A longitudinal within-individual study

IF 6.6 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-08-07 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI:10.1111/jcpp.70152

Aurora Järvinen, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Isabell Brikell, Zheng Chang, Brian M. D'Onofrio, Seena Fazel, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Antti Latvala

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Parental incarceration (PI) is associated with mental and behavioral problems in offspring, but causality remains unclear. We conducted a quasi-experimental within-individual study on the associations of PI with offspring psychiatric disorders, suicidal behavior, risk-taking, and substance misuse events, aiming to test the effect of PI on offspring.

Methods

The study included 43,011 and 5,912 individuals born in Sweden 1973–2010 and exposed to paternal or maternal incarceration, respectively, between ages 10 and 30. Using data from nationwide registers available until the end of 2020, we examined associations between PI and offspring time-varying events in a longitudinal within-individual design to control for time-invariant confounding. We further studied potential moderation effects in within-individual models by offspring sex, family living arrangements, age, and other factors. For comparison, we conducted corresponding between-individual analyses.

Results

Overall, no clear within-individual associations between paternal or maternal incarceration and offspring events were observed (HRs 0.99–1.08 and 0.82–1.03, respectively), but in a sensitivity analysis, the first recorded exposure to PI was associated with a slightly increased risk of some events (HRs 1.08–1.10). Regarding moderation effects, preliminary evidence suggested that child–father coresiding, paternal offending type, and exposure age slightly moderated the within-individual associations for certain outcomes. Statistically significant associations were found in all between-individual models.

Conclusions

The elevated rates of mental and behavioral problems among offspring exposed to PI are unlikely to be due to a direct impact of PI, but an impact may exist under certain circumstances. These findings can help in targeting support to this vulnerable group.

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父母监禁与后代的精神疾病、自杀行为、冒险行为和药物滥用事件：一项纵向的个体研究。

背景父母监禁（PI）与后代的精神和行为问题有关，但因果关系尚不清楚。我们对PI与后代精神障碍、自杀行为、冒险行为和药物滥用事件之间的关系进行了一项准实验个体研究，旨在测试PI对后代的影响。方法：该研究纳入了1973-2010年出生在瑞典的43011和5912名年龄在10 - 30岁之间的人，他们分别受到父亲或母亲的监禁。使用截至2020年底的全国登记数据，我们在纵向个体内设计中检查了PI与后代时变事件之间的关联，以控制时不变混淆。我们进一步研究了后代性别、家庭生活安排、年龄和其他因素在个体模型中的潜在调节作用。为了比较，我们进行了相应的个体间分析。结果总体而言，没有观察到父亲或母亲监禁与后代事件之间的明确个体内关联（hr分别为0.99-1.08和0.82-1.03），但在敏感性分析中，首次记录的PI暴露与某些事件的风险略有增加相关（hr 1.08-1.10）。关于调节效应，初步证据表明，孩子与父亲同居、父亲的犯罪类型和暴露年龄对某些结果的个体内关联略有调节。在所有个体间模型中都发现了统计学上显著的关联。结论暴露于PI的后代精神和行为问题发生率的升高不太可能是由于PI的直接影响，但在某些情况下可能存在影响。这些发现有助于为这一弱势群体提供有针对性的支持。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

169

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) is a highly regarded international publication that focuses on the fields of child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry. It is recognized for publishing top-tier, clinically relevant research across various disciplines related to these areas. JCPP has a broad global readership and covers a diverse range of topics, including: Epidemiology: Studies on the prevalence and distribution of mental health issues in children and adolescents. Diagnosis: Research on the identification and classification of childhood disorders. Treatments: Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for child and adolescent mental health. Behavior and Cognition: Studies on the behavioral and cognitive aspects of childhood disorders. Neuroscience and Neurobiology: Research on the neural and biological underpinnings of child mental health. Genetics: Genetic factors contributing to the development of childhood disorders. JCPP serves as a platform for integrating empirical research, clinical studies, and high-quality reviews from diverse perspectives, theoretical viewpoints, and disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach is a key feature of the journal, as it fosters a comprehensive understanding of child and adolescent mental health. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry is published 12 times a year and is affiliated with the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH), which supports the journal's mission to advance knowledge and practice in the field of child and adolescent mental health.