Presentation and Management of Addison's Disease in a 10-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report

Abstract

Addison's disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by impaired adrenal hormone production. We report a case of a 10-year-old boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and secondary Addison's disease on long-term corticosteroid therapy who presented with recurrent non-bilious vomiting, low-grade fever, headache, and epigastric pain. Physical examination revealed short stature (below the third percentile) and overweight status (90th percentile), likely related to prolonged steroid use. He was managed with intravenous fluids, adjustment of antibiotics, and optimized steroid therapy, leading to significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the complexity of managing pediatric adrenal insufficiency, particularly in patients receiving chronic corticosteroids. Lifelong individualized hormone replacement, careful dose adjustment, and regular monitoring are essential to prevent adrenal crises and long-term metabolic complications. A multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinologists, pediatricians, and supportive care teams is crucial for optimal outcomes in children with Addison's disease.