Probing a Regular Bardeen-de Sitter Black Hole with String Clouds and Quintessence via Scalar Perturbations and Geodesics

Abstract

An in-depth investigation of a regular Bardeen-de Sitter black hole encircled by quintessence and a cloud of strings is presented in this article. We begin by comparing our metric to the classical Schwarzschild geometry and analyzing the effects of various parameter choices on the spacetime geometry. In particular, we investigate situations using both positive (1/2) and negative \((-1/2)\) \(\Lambda \). Next, we investigate particle geodesic motion, looking at how the modified spacetime of the particular black hole affects massive and massless entities nearby. Next, we examine the forces acting on the photons for different values and show what distinct combinations of the chosen parameters affect the dynamics of the Bardeen black hole. We also analyze the energy associated with circular orbits and how it changes as the parameters change. We examine perturbative dynamics of a massless scalar field, concentrating on the perturbation potential, to advance our investigation. The entire work enables us to learn more about the stability and dynamical behavior of spacetime with minor perturbations. Overall, our work provides a comprehensive understanding of the effects of regular de-Sitter black holes with additional fields, such as quintessence and clouds of strings, on particle motion, forces, and scalar field evolution in curved spacetime.