Recent evidence on plant-based diets and risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 4.4 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-24 DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103403

Ana Botelho Moreira, Pâmela Gracielle da Fonseca, Simone Cardoso Lisboa Pereira, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães

{"title":"Recent evidence on plant-based diets and risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ana Botelho Moreira, Pâmela Gracielle da Fonseca, Simone Cardoso Lisboa Pereira, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103403","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To evaluate whether plant-based dietary patterns are associated with lower odds of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control) published from 2020 to 2024. Eligible studies included adults aged 18 year or older, compared predominantly plant-based dietary patterns with other diets, and reported chronic metabolic outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data on Rayyan®, resolving disagreements by a third and risk of bias was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen studies were included (9 cross-sectional and 8 cohort studies), comprising 456,783 adults from multiple countries. Greater adherence to plant-based diets was associated with lower odds of hypertension (odds ratio 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.92). Borderline protective associations were observed for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 1.01) and dyslipidemia (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.05). No significant association was found for obesity (odds ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.46).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Recent observational evidence suggests that plant-based diets are associated with lower odds of hypertension and may also benefit type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.</div><div>The findings support plant-forward dietary guidance, although better standardized prospective studies are still needed.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div>PROSPERO CRD420251027754.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 3","pages":"Article 103403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871402126000305","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/3/24 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims

To evaluate whether plant-based dietary patterns are associated with lower odds of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity in adults.

Methods

We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control) published from 2020 to 2024. Eligible studies included adults aged 18 year or older, compared predominantly plant-based dietary patterns with other diets, and reported chronic metabolic outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data on Rayyan®, resolving disagreements by a third and risk of bias was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random-effects models.

Results

Seventeen studies were included (9 cross-sectional and 8 cohort studies), comprising 456,783 adults from multiple countries. Greater adherence to plant-based diets was associated with lower odds of hypertension (odds ratio 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.92). Borderline protective associations were observed for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 1.01) and dyslipidemia (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.05). No significant association was found for obesity (odds ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.46).

Conclusion

Recent observational evidence suggests that plant-based diets are associated with lower odds of hypertension and may also benefit type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.

The findings support plant-forward dietary guidance, although better standardized prospective studies are still needed.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD420251027754.

查看原文本刊更多论文

植物性饮食与成人慢性非传染性疾病风险的最新证据：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

目的：评估植物性饮食模式是否与成人高血压、2型糖尿病、血脂异常和肥胖的低发病率相关。方法：我们进行了一项prisma引导的系统评价和在PROSPERO注册的荟萃分析。检索了PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Embase从2020年到2024年发表的研究（横断面、队列、病例对照）。符合条件的研究包括18岁或以上的成年人，主要以植物为基础的饮食模式与其他饮食模式进行比较，并报告慢性代谢结果。两位审稿人独立筛选研究并提取Rayyan®的数据，解决第三位审稿人的分歧，并使用Joanna Briggs研究所的工具评估偏倚风险。使用随机效应模型估计合并优势比和95%置信区间。结果：纳入17项研究（9项横断面研究和8项队列研究），包括来自多个国家的456,783名成年人。更坚持植物性饮食与较低的高血压几率相关（优势比0.82；95%可信区间0.73至0.92）。在2型糖尿病（优势比0.87；95%可信区间0.75 ~ 1.01）和血脂异常（优势比0.87；95%可信区间0.72 ~ 1.05）中观察到边缘性保护关联。未发现与肥胖有显著关联（优势比0.95；95%可信区间0.62 ~ 1.46）。结论：最近的观察证据表明，植物性饮食与高血压的发病率较低有关，也可能有益于2型糖尿病和血脂异常。研究结果支持植物性饮食指导，尽管仍需要更好的标准化前瞻性研究。系统评价注册：PROSPERO CRD420251027754。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

2.00%

发文量

248

审稿时长

51 days

期刊介绍： Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews is the official journal of DiabetesIndia. It aims to provide a global platform for healthcare professionals, diabetes educators, and other stakeholders to submit their research on diabetes care. Types of Publications: Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews publishes peer-reviewed original articles, reviews, short communications, case reports, letters to the Editor, and expert comments. Reviews and mini-reviews are particularly welcomed for areas within endocrinology undergoing rapid changes.