Prevalence and Correlates of Geriatric Depression: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of geriatric depression and identify its associated socio-demographic, lifestyle, health, and psychosocial determinants among community-dwelling older adults in Bangladesh.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2024 among 719 adults aged ≥ 60 years, selected by multistage random sampling across four administrative divisions. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Depression was assessed using the GDS-15 (cut-off ≥ 5). Logistic regression models were applied to identify determinants, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

Results

The prevalence of geriatric depression was 35.2%. Poor family bonding (AOR = 6.580, 95% CI = 3.540–12.210, p < 0.001), financial instability (AOR = 3.660, 95% CI = 2.550–5.260, p < 0.001), dissatisfaction with lifestyle (AOR = 3.590, 95% CI = 2.240–5.770, p < 0.001), and daily life stress (AOR = 3.640, 95% CI = 2.560–5.190, p < 0.001) were significant predictors. Comorbidities, lack of regular exercise, mobility, and hearing problems also increased depression risk.

Conclusion

Geriatric depression is common in Bangladesh and influenced by multidimensional determinants. Integrating geriatric mental health services into primary care and strengthening family and social support systems are essential for prevention and early management.