UV-Shielding Efficiency of Polymer/ZnO Nanocomposites: Recent Developments and Prospects

Abstract

Extended exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation has adverse effects on materials and living organisms, reducing materials' lifespans and causing skin damage. Consequently, polymer-based nanocomposites have drawn significant interest due to their affordability, ease of processing, and diverse applications. Specifically, Polymer/Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites have emerged as promising materials due to their enhanced mechanical and thermal behavior, as well as improved durability of the polymer when exposed to UV radiation. With the broad band gap and strong capacity for UV absorption, ZnO effectively minimizes UV transmission, making it suitable for use in packaging materials, textiles, coatings, and protective gear. This review outlines the advancements in UV-blocking effectiveness of Polymer/ZnO nanocomposites, focusing on the synthesis conditions and size of ZnO. It discusses essential factors for efficient UV-shielding, including the synthesis and dispersion of ZnO within polymer matrices. The review encompasses synthetic polymers, biopolymers, polymeric blends, and copolymers to assess the effectiveness of ZnO as a UV-shielding material. The review also addresses the importance of nanoparticle distribution in polymers for creating effective transparent UV-blocking composites, as well as the challenges of long-term stability and production scalability. Future research is directed toward optimizing these components for wider applicability in packaging, automotive, and personal protective equipment industries.