V. K. Mahesh, M. P. Krishnakumar, K. M. Sreedhar, K. M. Sreekanth, G. Sivasubramanian
{"title":"Crafting Brilliance: The Artistry and Legacy of Adakkaputhur Intermetallic γ-Bronze Mirrors (Cu41Sn11)","authors":"V. K. Mahesh, M. P. Krishnakumar, K. M. Sreedhar, K. M. Sreekanth, G. Sivasubramanian","doi":"10.1111/arcm.70040","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>This study explores the metallurgical techniques behind the Adakkaputhur intermetallic γ-bronze mirror (Cu<sub>41</sub>Sn<sub>11</sub>) from Kerala, India, a significant artefact crafted using a modified lost wax casting method. XRD, ICP-MS, metallurgical microscopy, XRF, SEM, and AFM analyses confirm the uniform γ-bronze phase and precise metallurgical control, with a surface roughness of 0.62 nm amplifying its optical properties. The use of slurry embedded thermal gradient quenching and a thermodynamically isolated furnace highlights the advanced precision craftsmanship. This research emphasizes the rejuvenation of the traditional bronze mirror (<i>Vālkkaṇāti</i>) archetype, documenting its cultural heritage, archaeological significance, and exploring its potential for modern technological innovations culminating in resilient societies.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"68 2","pages":"236-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archaeometry","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/arcm.70040","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/10/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ARCHAEOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study explores the metallurgical techniques behind the Adakkaputhur intermetallic γ-bronze mirror (Cu41Sn11) from Kerala, India, a significant artefact crafted using a modified lost wax casting method. XRD, ICP-MS, metallurgical microscopy, XRF, SEM, and AFM analyses confirm the uniform γ-bronze phase and precise metallurgical control, with a surface roughness of 0.62 nm amplifying its optical properties. The use of slurry embedded thermal gradient quenching and a thermodynamically isolated furnace highlights the advanced precision craftsmanship. This research emphasizes the rejuvenation of the traditional bronze mirror (Vālkkaṇāti) archetype, documenting its cultural heritage, archaeological significance, and exploring its potential for modern technological innovations culminating in resilient societies.
期刊介绍:
Archaeometry is an international research journal covering the application of the physical and biological sciences to archaeology, anthropology and art history. Topics covered include dating methods, artifact studies, mathematical methods, remote sensing techniques, conservation science, environmental reconstruction, biological anthropology and archaeological theory. Papers are expected to have a clear archaeological, anthropological or art historical context, be of the highest scientific standards, and to present data of international relevance.
The journal is published on behalf of the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, in association with Gesellschaft für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, ARCHAEOMETRIE, the Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS), and Associazione Italian di Archeometria.