The identification of a novel cereal-infecting luteovirus, cereal red leaf virus, and clarification of other yellow dwarf viruses present in the Northern grain region of Australia

Abstract

During a survey of oat and barley crops in northern New South Wales (NSW) and southern Queensland (Qld), a novel member of the genus Luteovirus (family Tombusviridae) causing leaf reddening and yellow dwarf symptoms in oats and barley was found in both States. A near-complete genome of the virus tentatively named cereal red leaf virus (CrRLV; tentative species name Luteovirus foliarubra) was obtained through high throughput sequencing. The virus was genomically distinct from, but reacted with antibodies to, barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV. CrRLV was transmitted by Rhopalosiphon padi but not by R. maidis. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV was found in both NSW and Qld on barley and oats. Additionally, barley virus G was found for the first time in Qld and NSW, on barley, barley yellow dwarf virus-PAS for the first time in Qld, on barley, cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS for the first time in NSW, on oats, and cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV was found in NSW on oats and barley and for the first time in Qld, on oats.