Evaluation and Application of International Standard Conversion: An Applicability-Based Approach

Abstract

Bodies such as ISO, IEC, ASTM, and ITU develop international standards that help ensure interoperability, quality assurance, and similar rules across various industries worldwide. So, since the world has many different rules, technologies, cultures, and economies, these standards must be transformed and made relevant for each context. The review examines the main theories, methods, and approaches used to transform international standards in different countries. The review examines using comparative gap analysis, Delphi expert consensus, and MCDA, as well as following guidelines such as ISO/IEC Guide 21 and new approaches such as TRIZ. In healthcare, information security, and civil engineering, examples of the issues and ways international standards can be suitable for each sector are given. It high-lights common issues, including rules, technologies, language, and resources. It proposes solutions like national applicability matrices, involvement of both the public and private sectors, capacity building, and ensuring openness. Finally, it points out that emerging technologies like AI and SMART standards can help make standard conversion easy, effective, and fair. It provides a clear roadmap for policymakers, standardization bodies, and industry stakeholders who want to bring global standardization goals in line with what is possible locally and boost sustainable development, innovation, and interoperability across the globe.