Age-Related Associations of Foveal Structural Parameters in Healthy Adults: A Comparative Analysis of Biological and Chronological Age.

IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2026-03-03 DOI:10.3390/vision10010016

Anait S Khalatyan, Yusef Yusef, Khadishat K Altemirova, Liubov V Machekhina, Alexandra A Melnitskaya, Irina D Strazhesko

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Abstract

Background: This research compared the relationship between foveal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and two age measures-biological and chronological-in healthy adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) data from 308 eyes of 154 healthy adults aged 22-89 years. Parameters assessed: foveal thickness, foveal pit depth and diameter, pit slope steepness, and the presence or absence of the foveal bulge. Biological age was calculated using the PhenoAge algorithm.

Results: The core geometry of the foveal pit showed no significant dependence on either type of age (all p ≥ 0.66). In contrast, the foveal bulge prevalence declined significantly with age (adjusted p = 0.011 for chronological age, p = 0.005 for biological age; OR per year ≈0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98 for both age models). Model-predicted prevalence decreased from approximately 93% in younger adults to 60-68% in the 60-74-year-old group.

Conclusion: The foveal architecture remains structurally stable throughout adulthood. The foveal bulge emerges as a sensitive qualitative marker of age-related changes. Biological age does not provide additional predictive value over chronological age for foveal structural parameters under physiological aging conditions.

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健康成人中央窝结构参数的年龄相关性：生物学年龄和实足年龄的比较分析

背景：本研究比较了健康成人中央凹光学相干断层扫描（OCT）参数与两种年龄测量指标（生物学和年表学）之间的关系。方法：本横断面研究分析了154例22-89岁健康成人308只眼的扫描源光学相干断层扫描（OCT）数据。评估参数：中央凹厚度，中央凹凹深度和直径，凹凹坡度，中央凹隆起是否存在。生物年龄采用PhenoAge算法计算。结果：中央凹凹的核心几何形状与两种年龄类型均无显著相关性（均p≥0.66）。相比之下，中央凹凸起的患病率随着年龄的增长而显著下降（按实足年龄调整p = 0.011，按生物年龄调整p = 0.005；两种年龄模型的OR每年≈0.95,95% CI 0.92-0.98）。模型预测的患病率从年轻人的约93%下降到60-74岁组的60-68%。结论：整个成年期中央凹结构保持稳定。中央凹隆起是年龄相关变化的一个敏感的定性标记。生理衰老条件下，生物年龄对中央凹结构参数的预测价值不高于实足年龄。

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