[Severe pulmonary Mycobacterium genavense infection in an immunocompetent adult : Diagnostic challenges and successful macrolide-based combination therapy].

Abstract

Mycobacterium genavense is a rare cause of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, typically occurring in immunocompromised hosts. The case of a 49-year-old immunocompetent man with respiratory symptoms is presented. Imaging revealed a hilar mass with mediastinal lymphadenopathy, initially suggesting malignancy. Molecular diagnostics identified M. genavense as the causative pathogen. A 15-month regimen of rifampicin, azithromycin, and ethambutol led to complete clinical and radiological remission.