Affirm My Identity, Save My Life: A Scoping Review of Suicide Prevention Efforts for LGBTQ + Youth in K-12 Schools.

Abstract

Suicidality among adolescents is a significant public health issue, with suicide being the second leading cause of death in the 10-14 year-old age group (CDC, 2024). Youth identifying as LGBTQ + (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or questioning/queer), in particular, experience disproportionately high rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB), often exacerbated by bullying, stigma, discrimination, and lack of support. Research indicates that protective factors, such as supportive adults, inclusive policies, and safe school environments, can reduce the risk of STB. Schools are uniquely positioned to implement suicide prevention strategies, including anti-bullying programs, LGBTQ + curricula, and mental health training for students and staff. This scoping review investigates the landscape of school-based efforts to prevent STB among LGBTQ + youth in K-12 schools over the past three decades (1994-2024). Focusing on implementation strategies, approaches, and design elements, this scoping review seeks to understand: What suicide prevention efforts have been implemented in K-12 schools to support LGBTQ + youth? Findings from the review suggest that school-based efforts (N = 5), such as inclusive anti-bullying policies, LGBTQ + curricula, and support networks like gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs), can reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors among LGBTQ + youth. However, gaps remain in understanding the long-term effectiveness of these efforts, highlighting the need for more comprehensive, evidence-based strategies that address both individual and community-level factors.