Analyzing the Impact of Depression on All-Cause Mortality in Different Sex and Age Groups: A 11-Year Follow-Up Study of Spanish Population.

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

International Journal of Social Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-22 DOI:10.1177/00207640261430311

Cristina Rodríguez-Prada, María Cabello, Francisco Félix Caballero, Blanca Dolz-Del-Castellar, Lea Francia, Marta Miret, Josep María Haro, Joan Domènech-Abella, Beatriz Olaya, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have shown that depression has a significant impact on all-cause mortality, particularly in men. However, the link between depression and mortality across different age and gender groups is inconsistent. This study aims to explore the relationship between depression and all-cause mortality in various age and gender categories within a Spanish national cohort, while also accounting for other influencing factors over an 11-year follow-up period.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of the Spanish adult population (n = 4,582) was followed up for 11 years. Kaplan-Meier estimates, unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to test whether baseline depression and sociodemographic characteristics (educational level, low income, marital status, feelings of loneliness, alcohol and tobacco use, and having chronic conditions) were associated with all-cause mortality for different gender and age-specific groups, separately.

Results: Unadjusted analysis by age and gender indicated that depression had a significant relationship with all-cause mortality in young-and-middle-aged women (HR = 1.75; p < .01) and men (18-64 years old; HR = 2.96; p < .001) and old men (+65; HR = 1.92; p < .001). Adjusted analysis by age and gender revealed that depression was only a significant factor for all-cause mortality in men aged 65+ (HR = 1.60; p = .025).

Limitations: Cause-specific mortality was not examined. Young adults and middle-aged participants were not analyzed separately.

Conclusions: The depression and all-cause mortality relationship was found only in +65 men. These differences may be driven by gender-specific factors such as delayed help-seeking, higher levels of social isolation, and the accumulation of chronic comorbidities. Therefore, preventive interventions must prioritize age- and gender-specific strategies to address these risk patterns.

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分析抑郁症对不同性别和年龄组全因死亡率的影响：西班牙人群11年随访研究

背景：先前的研究表明，抑郁症对全因死亡率有显著影响，尤其是男性。然而，在不同的年龄和性别群体中，抑郁症和死亡率之间的联系并不一致。本研究旨在探索西班牙国家队列中不同年龄和性别类别的抑郁症与全因死亡率之间的关系，同时也考虑了11年随访期间的其他影响因素。方法：对西班牙成年人进行为期11年的全国代表性随访（n = 4582）。Kaplan-Meier估计、未调整和调整的Cox比例风险回归模型分别用于检验基线抑郁和社会人口学特征（教育水平、低收入、婚姻状况、孤独感、酒精和烟草使用以及患有慢性病）是否与不同性别和年龄特定群体的全因死亡率相关。结果：未经年龄和性别调整的分析显示，抑郁症与中青年妇女的全因死亡率有显著关系（HR = 1.75; p p p p = 0.025）。局限性：未检查病因特异性死亡率。年轻人和中年参与者没有被分开分析。结论：抑郁症与全因死亡率的关系仅在65名男性中发现。这些差异可能是由特定性别因素造成的，如求助延迟、社会孤立程度较高以及慢性合并症的积累。因此，预防性干预措施必须优先考虑针对年龄和性别的战略，以解决这些风险模式。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Social Psychiatry PSYCHIATRY-

CiteScore

12.30

自引率

1.30%

发文量

120

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, established in 1954, is a leading publication dedicated to the field of social psychiatry. It serves as a platform for the exchange of research findings and discussions on the influence of social, environmental, and cultural factors on mental health and well-being. The journal is particularly relevant to psychiatrists and multidisciplinary professionals globally who are interested in understanding the broader context of psychiatric disorders and their impact on individuals and communities. Social psychiatry, as a discipline, focuses on the origins and outcomes of mental health issues within a social framework, recognizing the interplay between societal structures and individual mental health. The journal draws connections with related fields such as social anthropology, cultural psychiatry, and sociology, and is influenced by the latest developments in these areas. The journal also places a special emphasis on fast-track publication for brief communications, ensuring that timely and significant research can be disseminated quickly. Additionally, it strives to reflect its international readership by publishing state-of-the-art reviews from various regions around the world, showcasing the diverse practices and perspectives within the psychiatric disciplines. This approach not only contributes to the scientific understanding of social psychiatry but also supports the global exchange of knowledge and best practices in mental health care.