Management of Adult Bronchiectasis: Consensus-Based Guidelines of the German Respiratory Society.

Abstract

Bronchiectasis is a chronic, often progressive respiratory disease characterized by irreversible dilation of the bronchi. It is etiologically heterogeneous and frequently associated with a significant symptom burden, multiple complications, and reduced quality of life. In recent years, the global prevalence of bronchiectasis has increased markedly, placing a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems. These consensus-based guidelines are the first German-language guidelines focused on the management of bronchiectasis in adults. They underscore the critical role of thoracic imaging - particularly computed tomography - in diagnosing and distinguishing bronchiectasis and highlight the importance of identifying the underlying etiology in guiding treatment decisions. The guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. Non-drug interventions include smoking cessation, physiotherapy, physical training, pulmonary rehabilitation, noninvasive ventilation, thoracic surgery, and lung transplantation. Pharmacological therapies emphasize the long-term use of mucolytics, bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents, and antibiotics. In addition, the guidelines address the management of upper airway involvement, common comorbidities, and acute exacerbations. They also cover sociomedical issues, disability rights, and the role of patient education and self-management in optimizing care. Special life stages - such as transition from pediatric to adult care, family planning, pregnancy, parenthood, and palliative care - are also considered. The overarching goal was to promote comprehensive, consensus-driven, and patient-centered care that accounts for individual risks and needs.