Ca²⁺ leakage is a conserved signal for non-canonical ATG8/LC3 lipidation and membrane repair.

Abstract

Endomembrane damage of intracellular vesicles triggers signals that activate membrane repair in mammalian cells to restore homeostasis. However, the signals that drive diverse membrane repair recruitment at the individual organelle level are unknown. Here by recording Ca2+ leakage history with a newly developed Ca2+ probe in human macrophages, we discovered that Ca²⁺ leakage serves as a conserved signal that triggers ATG8/LC3 lipidation after different types of sterile membrane damage. The damaged compartments consisted of both single membrane and multilayered membrane structures undergoing extensive membrane remodelling. We show the complexity and acidification of these ATG8/LC3-positive compartments depends on the nature of the membrane damage trigger. Functionally, the formation of these multimembrane ATG8/LC3-positive compartments restricted membrane damage independently of canonical autophagy and the recruitment of ESCRT components CHMP2A/CHMP4B. Altogether, we show that endolysosomal Ca²⁺ leakage triggers non-canonical LC3 lipidation on damaged membranes to promote membrane repair in human macrophages.