Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) Trait Domains: Psychometric Properties and Cutoffs Based on General Population Norms.

Abstract

The ICD-11 classification of Personality Disorder (PD) relies on global severity of personality dysfunction, while up to five trait domains can be specified as individual expressions (i.e. Negative affectivity, Detachment, Dissociality, Disinhibition, and Anankastia). The 60-item Personality inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) was developed to measure these domains but has not yet been evaluated in Scandinavian context. Using a representative and socio-demographically stratified sample of the Danish adult population (N = 714), this study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the PiCD and to provide normative data for clinical cutoffs and interpretation of scores. Results support a four-factor model, including a bipolar dimension of Disinhibition versus Anankastia, which is consistent with previous studies. The hierarchical structure from one global factor to the four specific factors also revealed a conceptually coherent pattern across all four levels. The PiCD domain scores show acceptable internal consistency and significant associations with psychosocial functioning (particularly for Negative affectivity and Detachment scores). The findings overall support the PiCD's utility in assessing ICD-11 trait domains and highlight the importance of representative normative data for clinical application in Scandinavian contexts. Normative data, tentative-cutoffs, and a scoring-key for a clinical interpretive report are provided to guide clinical interpretation and decision-making.