Differential Effects of Counter-Stereotypical Portrayals of Warmth Across Racial Groups: Behavioral and Experimental Evidence

IF 3.2 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI:10.1177/00936502261430969

Xun Zhu, Youllee Kim, Huai-yu Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This research examines how counter-stereotypical portrayals influence prosocial behavior across racial groups within the context of medical crowdfunding. Drawing on the stereotype content model and expectancy violation theory, we investigate how messages that contradict stereotypes of racial groups perceived as having low warmth violate expectations about these groups and influence campaign donations. Across two studies—an analysis of over 17,000 crowdfunding campaigns (Studies 1a-c) and an online experiment ( N = 688; Study 2)—counter-stereotypical portrayals of warmth were associated with higher donations for Asian and White beneficiaries but with lower donations for Black beneficiaries. Expectancy violations mediated these effects, with Black beneficiaries experiencing smaller positive expectancy shifts than other groups. The findings highlight the differential effects of warm-based portrayals across racial groups when used to challenge stereotypes. The study advances theoretical frameworks on stereotypes and expectancy violations while offering practical guidance for more effective and equitable messaging strategies.

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不同种族群体对温暖的反刻板印象的不同影响：行为和实验证据

本研究考察了在医疗众筹背景下，反刻板印象的描述如何影响跨种族群体的亲社会行为。利用刻板印象内容模型和期望违反理论，我们研究了与被认为具有低热情的种族群体的刻板印象相矛盾的信息如何违反对这些群体的期望并影响竞选捐款。通过两项研究——一项对超过17000次众筹活动的分析（研究1a-c）和一项在线实验（N = 688；研究2）——对温暖的反刻板印象与亚洲和白人受益人的捐款增加有关，但与黑人受益人的捐款减少有关。预期违反介导了这些影响，与其他群体相比，黑人受益人经历了较小的积极预期变化。研究结果强调了在挑战刻板印象时，基于温暖的描述在种族群体中的不同效果。该研究提出了关于刻板印象和期望违反的理论框架，同时为更有效和公平的信息传递策略提供了实践指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Communication Research COMMUNICATION-

CiteScore

17.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Empirical research in communication began in the 20th century, and there are more researchers pursuing answers to communication questions today than at any other time. The editorial goal of Communication Research is to offer a special opportunity for reflection and change in the new millennium. To qualify for publication, research should, first, be explicitly tied to some form of communication; second, be theoretically driven with results that inform theory; third, use the most rigorous empirical methods; and fourth, be directly linked to the most important problems and issues facing humankind. Critieria do not privilege any particular context; indeed, we believe that the key problems facing humankind occur in close relationships, groups, organiations, and cultures.