Diabetes mellitus, TB, and HIV multi-morbidities among adults in Uganda.

IF 1.6 Q4 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Public Health Action Pub Date : 2026-03-06 eCollection Date: 2026-03-01 DOI:10.5588/pha.25.0032

J E Akumu, C Sekaggya-Wiltshire, S Babirye, J Musaazi, P E Kukundakwe, C Okiira, E Mutebi, S Nabadda, P Namuwenge, H Sendagire

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Abstract

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy has extended HIV patient survival, increasing non-communicable disease prevalence like diabetes mellitus. Strong links exist between HIV, TB, and diabetes. This study examined diabetes prevalence among adults with TB and HIV, or co-infection in Uganda.

Design: Cross-sectional study conducted between August 2021 and January 2022 at three urban hospitals in Kampala, Uganda. Participants aged ≥18 years receiving HIV and/or TB treatment for at least 6 months were enrolled. Diabetes screening was performed using random blood glucose and haemoglobin A1C measurements according to American Diabetes Association guidelines.

Results: Among 924 participants, 832 (90.0%) had HIV only, 50 (5.4%) had TB only, and 42 (4.6%) had both conditions. Overall diabetes prevalence was 4.1% in HIV patients, 7.6% in TB patients, and 14.3% in TB-HIV co-infected patients. Diabetes was significantly more prevalent among older patients (≥36 years) across all disease categories and among males with HIV infection compared to females (6.8% vs. 3.0%, P = 0.011). Among TB patients, central obesity was associated with higher diabetes prevalence (33.3% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.007).

Conclusion: The study reveals elevated diabetes prevalence among patients with TB-HIV co-infection, emphasising the need for integrated screening and management strategies addressing these interconnected conditions in Uganda.

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乌干达成年人中糖尿病、结核病和艾滋病毒的多重发病率。

目的：抗逆转录病毒治疗延长了艾滋病毒患者的生存期，增加了糖尿病等非传染性疾病的患病率。艾滋病毒、结核病和糖尿病之间存在密切联系。这项研究调查了乌干达结核病和艾滋病毒合并感染的成年人中糖尿病的患病率。设计：横断面研究于2021年8月至2022年1月在乌干达坎帕拉的三家城市医院进行。受试者年龄≥18岁，接受HIV和/或TB治疗至少6个月。根据美国糖尿病协会指南，随机测量血糖和血红蛋白A1C进行糖尿病筛查。结果：在924名参与者中，832名（90.0%）仅患有艾滋病毒，50名（5.4%）仅患有结核病，42名（4.6%）同时患有两种疾病。总体糖尿病患病率在HIV患者中为4.1%，在TB患者中为7.6%，在TB-HIV合并感染患者中为14.3%。在所有疾病类别中，糖尿病在老年患者（≥36岁）和感染艾滋病毒的男性中比女性更普遍（6.8%比3.0%,P = 0.011）。在结核病患者中，中心性肥胖与较高的糖尿病患病率相关（33.3% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.007）。结论：该研究揭示了结核病-艾滋病毒合并感染患者中糖尿病患病率升高，强调了乌干达需要针对这些相互关联的疾病进行综合筛查和管理策略。

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Public Health Action RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-

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期刊介绍： Launched on 1 May 2011, Public Health Action (PHA) is an official publication of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union). It is an open access, online journal available world-wide to physicians, health workers, researchers, professors, students and decision-makers, including public health centres, medical, university and pharmaceutical libraries, hospitals, clinics, foundations and institutions. PHA is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal that actively encourages, communicates and reports new knowledge, dialogue and controversy in health systems and services for people in vulnerable and resource-limited communities — all topics that reflect the mission of The Union, Health solutions for the poor.