A sound approach to stay on the ball-a review of scrotal pathologies on ultrasound imaging.

Abstract

Scrotal ultrasound imaging findings range from benign anatomical variants to surgical emergencies. Scrotal assessments can be daunting for clinicians who are unfamiliar with the typical anatomy and expected imaging characteristics of common pathologies. This pictorial review highlights key anatomical considerations and essential tips for scrotal ultrasound imaging. A practical approach to scrotal pathologies is discussed and supplemented with a plethora of ultrasound imaging examples. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and recommended management for: infectious/inflammatory conditions, vascular anomalies, sequelae of trauma, cystic lesions, and common testicular neoplasms.