The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Tooth Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

IF 6.8 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Clinical Periodontology Pub Date : 2026-04-16 Epub Date: 2026-03-16 DOI:10.1111/jcpe.70110

Ziqi Chen, Gagandeep Kaur, Nadia Kaunein, Claireta Handoko, Marco A. Peres, Melissa Russell, Ankur Singh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims

This systematic review aims to examine the causal effect of tobacco smoking on tooth loss. Further, the impact of different frequencies, intensities and lifetime exposures to tobacco smoking on tooth loss and whether the relationship differs by socioeconomic status (SES) are reviewed in the sub-group analysis.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted in Embase (Ovid), Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science for studies published up to May 2025. No limits on publication dates were applied. This review included case–control and cohort studies that reported the effect of tobacco smoking on tooth loss. Risk of Bias of included studies was assessed by ROBINS-E assessment tool.

Results

A total of 30 studies were included in this systematic review. The meta-analysis from five studies indicated that current smokers have 1.41 times higher risk of tooth loss (RR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24–1.60) than nonsmokers (sample size range: 273–34,975, n = 5). Past smoking also increases the risk of having tooth loss (RR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.37) (sample size range: 547–34,975, n = 2). None of the studies examined the effect of smoking on tooth loss by different SES.

Conclusions

This systematic review highlights the importance and urgency of quitting smoking for better oral health.

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吸烟对牙齿脱落的影响：一项系统综述和Meta分析

目的本系统综述旨在探讨吸烟与牙齿脱落的因果关系。此外，亚组分析还回顾了不同频率、强度和终生吸烟对牙齿脱落的影响，以及这种关系是否因社会经济地位（SES）而异。方法在Embase （Ovid）、Ovid MEDLINE和Web of Science中检索到2025年5月以前发表的论文。对出版日期没有限制。本综述包括病例对照和队列研究，这些研究报告了吸烟对牙齿脱落的影响。纳入研究的偏倚风险采用ROBINS‐E评估工具进行评估。结果本系统综述共纳入30项研究。来自五项研究的荟萃分析表明，当前吸烟者牙齿脱落的风险是不吸烟者的1.41倍（RR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24-1.60）（样本量范围：273-34,975,n = 5）。过去吸烟也会增加牙齿脱落的风险（RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.37）（样本量范围：547-34,975,n = 2）。没有一项研究调查了不同社会地位的人吸烟对牙齿脱落的影响。结论本系统综述强调了戒烟对口腔健康的重要性和紧迫性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Clinical Periodontology 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

13.30

自引率

10.40%

发文量

175

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Clinical Periodontology was founded by the British, Dutch, French, German, Scandinavian, and Swiss Societies of Periodontology. The aim of the Journal of Clinical Periodontology is to provide the platform for exchange of scientific and clinical progress in the field of Periodontology and allied disciplines, and to do so at the highest possible level. The Journal also aims to facilitate the application of new scientific knowledge to the daily practice of the concerned disciplines and addresses both practicing clinicians and academics. The Journal is the official publication of the European Federation of Periodontology but wishes to retain its international scope. The Journal publishes original contributions of high scientific merit in the fields of periodontology and implant dentistry. Its scope encompasses the physiology and pathology of the periodontium, the tissue integration of dental implants, the biology and the modulation of periodontal and alveolar bone healing and regeneration, diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and therapy of periodontal disease, the clinical aspects of tooth replacement with dental implants, and the comprehensive rehabilitation of the periodontal patient. Review articles by experts on new developments in basic and applied periodontal science and associated dental disciplines, advances in periodontal or implant techniques and procedures, and case reports which illustrate important new information are also welcome.