Multidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens in canine pyometra

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Small Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-02 Epub Date: 2026-03-16 DOI:10.1111/jsap.70110

M. G. M. Camozzi, S. B. Waller, E. C. Castelhano, A. L. S. Neves, B. R. Arrais, J. F. N. Pinto, B. G. Alves, C. N. Moreira

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Abstract

Objectives

To characterise multidrug antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity profiles of bacteria isolated from different anatomical sites in bitches with pyometra, emphasising their clinical relevance for diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in small animal practice.

Materials and Methods

Bacteria were obtained from the faeces, urine, uterus and vagina of 23 dogs diagnosed with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were analysed for all identified isolates, together with phylogenetic classification of Escherichia coli and detection of virulence factor–encoding genes.

Results

Bacterial isolates obtained from faecal, urinary, uterine and vaginal samples showed predominantly positive growth for Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. Among these isolates recovered from each anatomical site, multidrug-resistant bacteria – defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials – were identified across all bacterial genera, with frequencies of 37.7% among faecal isolates, 16.7% among urinary isolates, 44.5% among uterine isolates and 100% among vaginal isolates, except for Enterobacter spp. Among dogs positive for Escherichia coli (11/23), phylogroups A/C (30.9%) were the most prevalent, followed by D/E (16.9%), B2 (15.5%), B1 (12.7%), A (12.7%), C (8.5%) and U (2.8%). In 90% (10/11) of cases, Escherichia coli isolates recovered from faecal, vaginal and/or uterine samples belonged to the same clonal family, suggesting faecal contamination. Overall, 77.4% of Escherichia coli isolates of uterine origin were classified as resistant or multidrug-resistant, and 83.9% harboured one or more virulence factor-encoding genes (hlyA, uspA, papC and predominantly fimH). Phylogroup B2 was the only group in which all assessed virulence factors were simultaneously detected.

Clinical Significance

The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria across all genera isolated in cases of canine pyometra underscores the clinical importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, the recovery of genetically related Escherichia coli isolates from intestinal and reproductive tract samples supports the intestinal microbiota as a relevant source of infection in affected bitches.

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犬脓脓病细菌病原菌的多药耐药研究。

目的：研究犬脓脓症不同解剖部位分离细菌的多药耐药性和致病性特征，强调其在小动物临床诊断和治疗决策中的临床意义。材料与方法：对23只经卵巢子宫切除术诊断为脓子宫积水的犬的粪便、尿液、子宫和阴道进行细菌采集。对所有鉴定的分离株进行耐药性分析，并进行大肠杆菌系统发育分类和毒力因子编码基因检测。结果:从粪便、尿液、子宫和阴道样本中获得的细菌分离株显示大肠杆菌主要呈阳性增长，其次是葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和变形杆菌。在从每个解剖部位回收的这些分离株中，在所有细菌属中都发现了多重耐药细菌——定义为对三种或三种以上抗菌素的耐药性，其中粪便分离株的频率为37.7%，尿液分离株的频率为16.7%。大肠杆菌阳性犬（11/23）中以A/C（30.9%）最多，其次为D/E（16.9%）、B2（15.5%）、B1（12.7%）、A（12.7%）、C（8.5%）和U（2.8%）。在90%（10/11）的病例中，从粪便、阴道和/或子宫样本中分离出的大肠杆菌属于同一克隆科，提示存在粪便污染。总体而言，77.4%的子宫源性大肠杆菌分离株被分类为耐药或多重耐药，83.9%的分离株含有一个或多个毒力因子编码基因（hlyA、uspA、papC，以fimH为主）。系统群B2是唯一同时检测所有评估的毒力因子的组。临床意义：在犬脓脓病例中分离的所有属中存在多重耐药细菌，这强调了抗菌药物敏感性试验的临床重要性。此外，从肠道和生殖道样本中恢复的遗传相关的大肠杆菌分离物支持肠道微生物群是受感染母狗的相关感染源。

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来源期刊

Journal of Small Animal Practice 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

6.20%

发文量

117

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Small Animal Practice (JSAP) is a monthly peer-reviewed publication integrating clinical research papers and case reports from international sources, covering all aspects of medicine and surgery relating to dogs, cats and other small animals. These papers facilitate the dissemination and implementation of new ideas and techniques relating to clinical veterinary practice, with the ultimate aim of promoting best practice. JSAP publishes high quality original articles, as well as other scientific and educational information. New developments are placed in perspective, encompassing new concepts and peer commentary. The target audience is veterinarians primarily engaged in the practise of small animal medicine and surgery. In addition to original articles, JSAP will publish invited editorials (relating to a manuscript in the same issue or a topic of current interest), review articles, which provide in-depth discussion of important clinical issues, and other scientific and educational information from around the world. The final decision on publication of a manuscript rests with the Editorial Board and ultimately with the Editor. All papers, regardless of type, represent the opinion of the authors and not necessarily that of the Editor, the Association or the Publisher. The Journal of Small Animal Practice is published on behalf of the British Small Animal Veterinary Association and is also the official scientific journal of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association