Nature: Decoding 4-vinylanisole biosynthesis and pivotal enzymes in locusts

Abstract

Locust plagues result in significant agricultural and ecological damage, and the current dependence on broad-spectrum chemical pesticides raises serious concerns regarding environmental sustainability and public health. In this study, we elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of the locust aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole (4VA). Through analysis of the crystal structure of the 4VPMT2-4VA-SAM complex, it was determined that 4-nitrophenol acts as a substrate analogue, effectively inhibiting 4VPMT enzyme activity and thereby preventing the formation of 4VA. This study revealed key enzymatic targets and lead inhibitors for intervention, establishing a molecular foundation for pheromone-based, environmentally sustainable locust control strategies and offering a viable alternative to reduce reliance on conventional chemical pesticides.