Photocatalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene using ammonium phosphomolybdate ((NH4)3 PMo12O40) as photocatalyst by UV irradiation

IF 1.6 3区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Sulfur Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-03-04 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI:10.1080/17415993.2026.2627197

Rahul Shaikh , Abhinav Desai , Sonali Sengupta

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ammonium phosphomolybdate (APM) was synthesized for photocatalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT), dissolved in isooctane which acts as the model fuel, simulating gasoline. APM is a polyoxometalate (POM), with the ability of accepting up to six electrons without altering its structure, and exhibits easy mobility of electrons upon irradiation of light, which is a trait of a good photocatalyst. To date, it has not been utilized to convert DBT in a model fuel. Hence, in this work, an attempt was made, and the objective of converting DBT was successfully completed. The conversion of DBT was carried out using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant under UV irradiation. APM was synthesized via the precipitation technique, and the synthesized material was characterized using XRD, FESEM, EDX mapping, HRTEM, XPS and BET analyses. The band gap (E_g) of the material was determined as 2.57 eV through UV-DRS analysis, and the chemical bonding information (obtained through FTIR analysis) indicated the existence of APM hexagonal cubic structure at 1100–500 cm⁻¹ wavenumber. A radical-scavenging experiment confirmed that hydroxyl (•OH⁻) free radicals were responsible for DBT oxidation. Four reaction parameters – DBT concentration (200, 300, and 400 ppm), catalyst loading (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/l), hydrogen peroxide-to-sulfur molar ratio (5:1, 10:1, 15:1, and 20:1), and reaction temperature (303, 313, 323, 333, and 343 K) – were examined. Under optimal conditions, a DBT conversion of 81.15% was achieved after 75 min with 200 ppm DBT concentration, catalyst loading 1.5 g/l (H₂O₂: DBT = 10:1) at 313 K. The recyclability of the APM catalyst was tested over four cycles, with a degradation efficiency decrease to 48.17%. A first-order kinetic model was proposed for the catalytic reaction, and the activation energy of the reaction was calculated as 9.22 kJ/mol, indicating a rapid reaction due to a low energy barrier.

HIGHLIGHTS

UV radiated oxidative photocatalytic conversion of dibenzothiophene was performed.

Ammonium phosphomolybdate was synthesized as a photocatalyst and characterized.

To determine the DBT degrading efficiency at optimum parameters.

To identify DBT conversion in model fuel using HPLC analyzer.

查看原文本刊更多论文

磷钼酸铵（(NH4) 3pmo12o40）光催化氧化二苯并噻吩的紫外辐射研究

以异辛烷为模拟燃料，光催化氧化二苯并噻吩（DBT）合成磷钼酸铵（APM）。APM是一种多金属氧酸盐（POM），能够在不改变其结构的情况下接受多达6个电子，并且在光的照射下表现出容易的电子迁移性，这是一种良好的光催化剂的特征。到目前为止，它还没有被用来转换模型燃料中的DBT。因此，在这项工作中，进行了尝试，并成功地完成了转换DBT的目标。以过氧化氢为氧化剂，在紫外照射下进行了DBT的转化。采用沉淀法合成了APM，并利用XRD、FESEM、EDX作图、HRTEM、XPS和BET分析对合成材料进行了表征。通过UV-DRS分析确定材料的带隙（Eg）为2.57 eV，通过FTIR分析获得的化学键信息表明，在1100-500 cm−1波数范围内存在APM六方立方结构。自由基清除实验证实，羟基（•OH−）自由基负责DBT氧化。考察了四种反应参数：DBT浓度（200,300和400ppm），催化剂负载（0.5,1.0,1.5和2.0 g/l），过氧化氢与硫的摩尔比（5:1,10:1,15:1和20:1），反应温度（303,313,323,333和343 K）。在最佳条件下，当DBT浓度为200 ppm，催化剂负载为1.5 g/l (H2O2: DBT = 10:1)， 313 K时，DBT转化率为81.15%。经过4次循环测试，APM催化剂的可回收性下降到48.17%。建立了催化反应的一级动力学模型，计算出该反应的活化能为9.22 kJ/mol，表明该反应由于能垒较低，反应速度较快。HIGHLIGHTSUV对二苯并噻吩进行了辐射氧化光催化转化。以磷钼酸铵为光催化剂合成磷钼酸铵，并对其进行了表征。确定最佳参数下DBT的降解效率。用高效液相色谱分析仪测定模型燃料中DBT的转化。

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来源期刊

Journal of Sulfur Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Sulfur Chemistry is an international journal for the dissemination of scientific results in the rapidly expanding realm of sulfur chemistry. The journal publishes high quality reviews, full papers and communications in the following areas: organic and inorganic chemistry, industrial chemistry, materials and polymer chemistry, biological chemistry and interdisciplinary studies directly related to sulfur science. Papers outlining theoretical, physical, mechanistic or synthetic studies pertaining to sulfur chemistry are welcome. Hence the target audience is made up of academic and industrial chemists with peripheral or focused interests in sulfur chemistry. Manuscripts that truly define the aims of the journal include, but are not limited to, those that offer: a) innovative use of sulfur reagents; b) new synthetic approaches to sulfur-containing biomolecules, materials or organic and organometallic compounds; c) theoretical and physical studies that facilitate the understanding of sulfur structure, bonding or reactivity; d) catalytic, selective, synthetically useful or noteworthy transformations of sulfur containing molecules; e) industrial applications of sulfur chemistry; f) unique sulfur atom or molecule involvement in interfacial phenomena; g) descriptions of solid phase or combinatorial methods involving sulfur containing substrates. Submissions pertaining to related atoms such as selenium and tellurium are also welcome. Articles offering routine heterocycle formation through established reactions of sulfur containing substrates are outside the scope of the journal.