Gerrit van Steenbergen, Dirk de Hoog, Dennis Te Beest, Patrick L Havens, Wenkui He, Henk Jan Holterman
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
With knapsack spray applications, off-target deposition of pesticide spray drift can be reduced by several means. The current research investigated the effects of drift-reducing nozzles, nozzle height, and nozzle shielding on spray drift deposition, using a combined approach involving modeling and experimental field trials. The drift deposition values derived from this study were compared with the regulatory values for different evaluation strips currently used for environmental risk assessments of pesticide applications in the European Union and United Kingdom. The results showed a strong impact of nozzle height on deposition at these evaluation strips. Drift-reducing nozzles reduced spray drift with at least their certified drift reduction class in almost all scenarios, and a nozzle shield additionally reduced spray drift. The combination of these three drift-reducing measures resulted in a decrease of spray drift deposition on the evaluation strips up to 99% as compared with the reference scenario. The results of the model calculations and field measurements were close for deposition values above the detection limit of the field trials. The current study provided realistic drift deposition values for a standardized band spray scenario, which can serve as higher-tier data to refine risk assessments for spot or band spray applications within the current authorization procedures for plant protection products in the European Union and United Kingdom.
期刊介绍：
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas:
Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making
Health and ecological risk and impact assessment
Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems
Sustaining ecosystems
Managing large-scale environmental change
Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society:
Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation
Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability
Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability
Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.
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