Biomarkers and immune cells in allergen-specific immunotherapy: toward objective evaluation.

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 ALLERGY

Allergologia et immunopathologia Pub Date : 2026-03-01 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI:10.15586/aei.v54i2.1533

Chengzhi Huang, Zhiyuan Tang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only intervention capable of modifying the natural course of allergic diseases by inducing long-term immune tolerance. Its clinical efficacy depends on complex regulations of humoral and cellular immunity, yet objective assessment remains hindered by the absence of standardized biomarkers.

Summary: This review summarizes recent advances in the immunological mechanisms of AIT and highlights emerging biomarkers-including allergen-specific immunoglobulin G4, regulatory T and B cells, and innate lymphoid cells-that may provide objective measures of efficacy and support individualized treatment strategies.

Key messages: (1) AIT uniquely modifies the natural history of allergic diseases; (2) current evaluation relies on subjective measures, highlighting the urgent need for standardized and clinically applicable biomarkers; (3) molecular markers and immune cell subsets offer promising tools for bridging mechanistic insights with clinical endpoints, supporting real-time monitoring and precision-guided optimization of AIT.

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生物标志物和免疫细胞在过敏原特异性免疫治疗：朝着客观评价。

背景：过敏原特异性免疫治疗（AIT）是唯一能够通过诱导长期免疫耐受来改变变态反应性疾病自然进程的干预手段。其临床疗效取决于体液和细胞免疫的复杂调节，但由于缺乏标准化的生物标志物，客观评估仍然受到阻碍。摘要：本文综述了AIT免疫学机制的最新进展，并重点介绍了新出现的生物标志物，包括过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白G4、调节性T细胞和B细胞以及先天淋巴样细胞，这些生物标志物可能提供客观的疗效指标，并支持个体化治疗策略。关键信息：(1)AIT独特地改变了变态反应性疾病的自然史；(2)目前的评价依赖于主观指标，迫切需要标准化和临床适用的生物标志物；(3)分子标记和免疫细胞亚群提供了很有前途的工具，可以将机制研究与临床终点联系起来，支持AIT的实时监测和精确指导优化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Allergologia et immunopathologia 医学-过敏

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

131

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Founded in 1972 by Professor A. Oehling, Allergologia et Immunopathologia is a forum for those working in the field of pediatric asthma, allergy and immunology. Manuscripts related to clinical, epidemiological and experimental allergy and immunopathology related to childhood will be considered for publication. Allergologia et Immunopathologia is the official journal of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEICAP) and also of the Latin American Society of Immunodeficiencies (LASID). It has and independent international Editorial Committee which submits received papers for peer-reviewing by international experts. The journal accepts original and review articles from all over the world, together with consensus statements from the aforementioned societies. Occasionally, the opinion of an expert on a burning topic is published in the "Point of View" section. Letters to the Editor on previously published papers are welcomed. Allergologia et Immunopathologia publishes 6 issues per year and is included in the major databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, etc.