Pathogenicity of sepsis and its effects on cell physiology

Abstract

Sepsis is a serious medical condition with a high mortality rate where patients experience a severe infection. In a normal operation, the immune and physiological systems work together to eliminate dangerous infections. On the other hand, sepsis occurs when the body cannot control these normal physiological reactions. In an ideal situation, the first interaction between the immune system and a pathogen would result in the total elimination of the infection and a quick return to balance in the host's body. Increased macrophage and neutrophil activity can accelerate the septic response. Sepsis happens because of many things, such as more cell and tissue damage, faster lymphocyte cell death, longer neutrophil cell death, and too many lymphocytes costimulatory molecules being made. Various interactions between the coagulation system and the inflammatory response result in an imbalanced reaction from both systems. Identifying patients who could potentially benefit from immunomodulatory therapy and assisting in diagnosing sepsis are important applications of biomarkers.