Preliminary dynamic identification of a masonry cross vault

Abstract

Cross vaults are fundamental structural elements of historical heritage. Their seismic vulnerability has been often proven by past earthquakes, often resulting in significant cultural, social and economic losses. The complex three-dimensional response of these structures, strongly influenced by boundary conditions, geometric configuration, masonry quality as well as mortar joint properties, poses significant challenges for the development of realistic and representative numerical models. As part of the REVHEAL project (Structural Rehabilitation of Vaults in Heritage Asset Learning: collapse identification and design of compatible strengthening systems supported by adaptive 3D models), a full-scale clay bricks masonry cross vault, measuring 3.5x3.5m in plan and 0.9m in height, was subjected to dynamic identification processing ambient vibrations records through Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) techniques. This enabled the identification of the vault’s natural frequencies and mode shapes. These results provide a valuable benchmark for further investigations into the vault’s dynamic behaviour under varying conditions and lay the groundwork for the development of increasingly refined numerical models and compatible intervention strategies.